(i) Why did the U.S. government decide to intervene in the Civil War in Vietnam ?
(ii) What were its effects on the people of Vietnam ? [CBSE March 2012]
Or
The phase of struggle between 1965-1972 with US was called brutal of Vietnamese. Explain the reasons. [CBSE 2014]
(I) The Vietnamese had to fight a long struggle first against France, and then against Japan and lastly, against USA. Following were some of the causes for the involvement of US in Vietnam :
(i) Spread of Communism : First and the foremost was the fear of the spread of Communism in Vietnam. The United States (US) regarded the spread of Communism a great danger to the capitalist countries. The US was ready to fight against Communism in any part of the world. So when Communism showed its head in Vietnam, it at once came forward to check it.
(ii) To Support France : The second cause of US entry in Vietnam was the humiliation that France had to face in Vietnam. Being the champion of the capitalist countries, US wanted to crush Vietnam at all costs to save the prestige of the capitalist countries, especially France which was an ally of the US in the Second World War.
(iii) Against Unification : USA was against the unification of Vietnam. The Geneva Conference had divided Vietnam into two parts : North Vietnam and South Vietnam. When the Ho Chi Minh government in North Vietnam and National Liberation Front in South Vietnam tried to unify the two parts, in violation of the Geneva Conference, US could not tolerate this. Hence, it decided to intervene in Vietnam.
Within no time, the United States sent a large number of US soldiers with the latest war equipment. This dragged on for many years (1965-1972).
Effects of US Involvement on Life within US itself : The US involvement in Vietnam had a far reaching effect on US itself. America had to suffer a huge loss of men and money though she caused great destruction in North Vietnam through bombardment.
America lost about 75,000 soldiers in the war by 1975 A.D. It evoked strong reaction in America. Various countries of the world strongly criticised the American intervention in the internal affairs of Vietnam. As a result, America was compelled to start the withdrawal of its troops in April 1975. Saigon also surrendered after the withdrawal of the American troops. In this way, the United Vietnam came into existence on April 30, 1975 A.D.
Effects on the people of Vietnam :
(i) The phase of struggle with the US was brutal. Thousands of US troops, equipped with heavy weapons and tanks and backed by the most powerful bombers of the time, B52s, were actively engaged. The massive attacks and indiscriminate use of chemical and biological weapons – Napalm, Agent Orange, and phosphorous bombs – destroyed many villages and forests.
(ii) The war intensified the cold war between the communist and capitalist countries.
(iii) The war provided an opportunity to Vietnamese women to serve in the Army as soldiers and nurses.
How has Vietnam become the third largest exporter of rice in the world during French colonialisation ? Explain four causes. [CBSE Comp. (D) 2008]
What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
There were two broad opinions on the new education policy introduced by the French in Vietnam'. Discuss. [CBSE March 2011]
Or
Explain the two opinions on the question of the use of the French language as the medium of instruction in the French i schools established for the Vietnamese in Vietnam. [CBSE 2010 (D)]
Or
Why did some French policy makers in Vietnam emphasis the need to use the French language as the medium of instruction ? [CBSE 2015]
Mention any two steps which were taken by the French government to improve transportation in Vietnam.
What was the development in China- which took place in 1911 and inspired the Vietnamese nationalists ?
Who was Phan Chu Trinh ? How did he help in the modernisation of Vietnam ? [CBSE March 2011]
Or
Explain any four ideas of Phan Chu Trinh. [CBSE March 2011, 2012, 2013(D), 2014(F)]
Or
Explain the features of the ideology of Phan Chu Trinh. [CBSE March 2011]
Or
Explain the ideas of Phan Chu Trinh to establish a democratic republic in Viet nam. [CBSE 2014]
Education was used as a mode by the French to strengthen their rule in Vietnam whereas it was used as a weapon by the Vietnamese to fight against the colonalism'. Explain.
Or
How did the French seek to strengthen their rule in Vietnam through the control of education ? [CBSE 2014]
Write a note on
(a) What was meant by the ‘civilizing mission' of the colonisers ?
(b) Huynh Phu So.
What is the Ho Chi Minh trail? Describe any three points of its importance. [CBSE Comp. (D) 2008, March 2011]
How was the idea of “looking modem” implemented in Tonkin Free School ? Explain. [CBSE 2012]
Why was a new education policy introduced by the French in Vietnam ? What were the limitations or drawbacks of the new education policy introduced by the French in Vietnam ?[CBSE March 2011, 2015 (D)]
How was education used as a weapon by the Vietnamese to fight against the colonialism ? Explain.
The French thought colonialisation necessary'. Give reasons.
Or
Why did the French think that colonies were necessary ? Explain. [CBSE 2012]
The battle against the French colonial education became a part of the larger battle against colonialism and for the independence'. Explain.
Or
The schools became an important place for political and cultural battles in Vietnam against French colonialism. Support the statement with examples.
Why some policy makers of France to emphasised the need to use the French language as a medium of instruction in Vietnam ?
Name the Vietnamian nationalist who wanted to establish a Democratic Republic in Vietnam ?
Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed?
What was the role of religious groups in the development of the anti-colonial feeling in Vietnam? [CBSE March 2011]
Under what circumstances Vietnam was divided into the north and south Vietnam ?
Or
Explain any four major challenges faced by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. [CBSE 2008, 2009(0), March 2012]
Explain the steps taken by the French in the field of education in Vietnam. What was their motive behind this ? [CBSE March 2011]
US entry into the war marked a new phase that proved costly to the Vietnamese as well as to the Americans.” Explain. [CBSE 2014]