The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China

(i) Curriculum and locals : Vietnamese teachers and students did not blindly follow the curriculum framed by the French. Sometimes, there was open opposition and at other times, there was silent resistance. As the number of Vietnamese teachers increased in the lower classes, they quietly modified the text and criticised what was stated.
(ii) Incident of Saigon School : When a Vietnamese girl was terminated over the issue of front seat the whole school protested, and forced the authorities to take her back. It was a victory for the educated class.
(iii) Education and students : Students were inspired by patriotic feelings, and the conviction that it was the duty of the educated to fight for the benefit of the society. By the 1920s, students were forming various political parties, such as the Party of Young Annan. To awaken the people against the colonial government, they started publishing nationalist journals such as the Annanese Student.
(iv) Education as a weapon :  The French sought to strengthen their rule in Vietnam through the control of education. On the other hand, the educated class wanted to use education as a means to fight against the colonial rule.
(v) Education and Vietnamark intellectuals : The French tried to change the values, norms and perceptions of the people, to make them believe in the superiority of the French civilisation, and the inferiority of the Vietnamese. On the other hand, Vietnamese intellectuals, feared that Vietnam was losing not only the control over its territory, but also its very identity: Its own culture and customs, were being devalued, and the people were developing a master-slave mentality.
(vi) The battle against French colonial education became a part of the larger battle against colonialism, and for independence.