According to Ernst Renan what are the attributes of a nation?
In a lecture delivered at the University of Sorbonne in 1882, the French philosopher Ernst Renan (1823-92) outlined his understanding of what makes a nation. The lecture was subsequently published as a famous essay entitled ‘Qu'est-ce qu'une nation?' (‘What is a Nation?').
In this essay Renan criticises the notion suggested by others that a nation is formed by a common language, race, religion, or territory: ‘A nation is the culmination of a long past of endeavours, sacrifice and devotion. A heroic past, great men, glory, that is the social capital upon which one bases a national idea. To have common glories in the past, to have a common will in the present, to have performed great deeds together, to wish to perform still more, these are the essential conditions of being a people. A nation is therefore a large-scale solidarity … Its existence is a daily plebiscite … A province is its inhabitants; if anyone has the right to be consulted, it is the inhabitant. A nation never has any real interest in annexing or holding on to a country against its will. The existence of nations is a good thing, a necessity even. Their existence is a guarantee of liberty, which would be lost if the world had only one law and only one master.'
Mention any two steps which were taken by the French to improve economic condition of Vietnam.
Explain the following –
(a) Only one-third of the students in Vietnam would pass the school-leaving examinations.
(b) The French began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta.
(c) The government made the Saigon Native Girls School take back the students it had expelled. [CBSE 2014(D)]
Or
Why did a major protest erupt in 1926 in the Saigon Native Girls School in Vietnam ? Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Or
Describe the incident that took place in 1926 in Saigon Native Girls School.
[CBSE 2014]
(d) Rats were most common in the modern, newly built areas of Hanoi.
Name the Vietnamian nationalist who wanted to establish a Democratic Republic in Vietnam ?
‘The measures taken by the French to control the spread of bubonic plague in Hanoi created a serious problem.” Explain the statement.
What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
Under what circumstances Vietnam was divided into the north and south Vietnam ?
Or
Explain any four major challenges faced by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. [CBSE 2008, 2009(0), March 2012]
Why most of the Vietnamese intellectuals were against the introduction of French curriculam in the schools ?
What was the ‘civilizing mission' of the colonisers ? Mention any two steps taken by the French under this. What was the real motive behind this mission ?
Education was used as a mode by the French to strengthen their rule in Vietnam whereas it was used as a weapon by the Vietnamese to fight against the colonalism'. Explain.
Or
How did the French seek to strengthen their rule in Vietnam through the control of education ? [CBSE 2014]
Explain the role of women in the anti imperial struggle in Vietnam.
[CBSE March 2011]
Or
Evaluate the role of Vietnamese women during 1960s war period and after the war in peace time. [CBSE 2008, 2010 (F) 2014 (D) Compt.]
Or
Who wrote the play based on the lives of Trung sisters ? What was depicted in the play ? [CBSE 2014]
How was education used as a weapon by the Vietnamese to fight against the colonialism ? Explain.
What was the role of religious groups in the development of the anti-colonial feeling in Vietnam? [CBSE March 2011]
(i) Why did the U.S. government decide to intervene in the Civil War in Vietnam ?
(ii) What were its effects on the people of Vietnam ? [CBSE March 2012]
Or
The phase of struggle between 1965-1972 with US was called brutal of Vietnamese. Explain the reasons. [CBSE 2014]
US entry into the war marked a new phase that proved costly to the Vietnamese as well as to the Americans.” Explain. [CBSE 2014]
What was the cause of Silesian weavers uprising? Comment on the viewpoint of the journalist.
Why did the French policy makers want to educate the people of Vietnam ? Explain. [CBSE 2009 (D), March 2011 ]
What were the major features of the new schools of Western learning introduced in Vietnam by the French ?
Or
Explain four features of the education being given in the Tonkin Free Schools which was started to provide the western style of education in Vietnam. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008]
The US media and films played a major role in both supporting as well as criti cising the Vietnam war/ Explain.
State the contribution of Ho Chi Minh In the Freedom movement of Vietnam. CBSE March 2012, 2013 (D)]
Or
Who was Ho Chi Minh ? State his contribution in the freedom movement of Vietnam. [CBSE 2012]
Or
Explain any four contributions of Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam’s struggle for Independence.
Or
How could you relate Communist Movement with ‘Vietnamese Nationalism’? Explain in four points.[CBSE 2012]
Or
Relate communist movement with ‘Vietnamese Nationalism’ and explain.
What is the Ho Chi Minh trail? Describe any three points of its importance. [CBSE Comp. (D) 2008, March 2011]
What was the main motive of the French to develop the Infrastructural projects in Vietnam ? Explain how far did they succeed in their mission. [CBSE 2010 (D), March 2011]
How did students in Vietnam fight against the colonial government's efforts to prevent Vietnamese from qualifying for white collar jobs' ? Explain. [CBSE 2014(0)]