What are biodegradable and non-biodegradable detergents? Give one example of each.
Detergents having straight chain hydrocarbons are easily degraded (or decomposed) by microorganisms and hence are called biodegradable detergents while detergents containing branched hydrocarbon chains are not easily degraded by the microorganisms find hence are called non-biodegradable detergents. Consequently, non-biodegradable detergents accumulate in rivers and water ways thereby causing severe water pollution. Examples of biodegradable detergents are sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium 4-(-l-dodecyl) benzenesulphonate and sodium 4-(2-dodecyl) benzenesulphonate.
Examples of non-biodegradable detergents is sodium 4-(1, 3,5,7 – tetramethyloctyl) benzene sulphonate.
Assertion (A): Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communi ¬cation of message between two neutrons or between neurons and muscles. Reason (R): Chemicals enter the cell through receptor.
With the help of an example explain how do tranquilizers control the feeling of depression?
Write the chemical equation for preparing sodium soap from glyceryl oleate and glyceryl palmitate. Structures of these compounds are given below:
(i)(C15H31COO)3C3H5-Glyceryl palmitate
(ii)(C17H32COO)3C3H5-Glyceryl oleate
Which of the following statements are correct about barbiturates?
(a) Hypnotics or sleep producing agents.
(b) These are tranquilizers.
(c) Non-narcotic analgesics.
(d) Pain reducing without disturbing the nervous system.
How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?
Assertion (A): Artificial sweeteners are added to the food to control the intake of calories.
Reason (R): Most of the artificial sweeteners are inert and do not metabolise in the body.
Which of the following compounds are administered as ant-acids?
(a) Sodium carbonate (b)Sodium Hydrogen carbonate
(c)Aluminium carbonate (d)Magnism Hydroxide
Assertion (A): Competitive inhibitors compete with natural substrate for their attachment on the active sites of enzymes.
Reason (R): In competitive inhibition, inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme.
What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond?
Match the class of compounds given in Column I with their functions given in Column II.
Assertion (A): Receptor proteins show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other.
Reason (R): Chemical messenger binds to the receptor site and inhibits its natural function.
Which of the following are sulpha drugs?
(a) Sulphapyridine (b) Prontosil
(c) Salvarsan (d) Nardil
Name two ct-amino acids which form a dipeptide which is 100 times more sweet than cane sugar?
Assertion (A): Sulpha drug contain sulphonamide group.
Reason (R): Salvarsan is a sulpha drug.
Assertion (A): All chemicals added to food items are called food preservatives.
Reason (R): All these chemicals increase the nutritive value of the food.
Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimized? Classify the detergents according to their chemical nature.
What are enzyme inhibitors? Classify them on the basis of their mode of attachments on the active site of enzymes. With the help of diagrams explain how do inhibitors inhibit the enzymatic activity.
Ckemistnj in Evenjdai] Life 325
Following type of non-ionic detergents are present in liquid detergents, emulsifying agents and wetting agents. Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic part in the molecule. Identify the functional group (s) present in the molecule.
Compounds with antiseptic properties are
(a) CHCl, (b) CHI3
(c) Boric acid (d) 0.3 ppm aqueous solution of Cl2
Sugar is the main source of energy as it produces energy on metabolic decomposition. But these days low chloride drinks are more popular, why?
Sodium salts of some acids are Very useful as food preservatives. Suggest a few such acids.
Assertion (A): Enzymes have active sites that hold substrate molecule for a chemical reaction.
Reason (R): Drugs compete with natural substrate by attaching covalently to the active site of enzyme.
Assertion (A): Sodium chloride is added to precipitate soap after saponification.
Reason (R): Hydrolysis of esters of long chain fatty acids by alkali produces soap in colloidal form.
Assertion (A): Preservative are added to food items.
Reason (R): Preservatives inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
How do enzymes catalyse a chemical reaction in the living system? Explain drug target interaction taking the example of enzyme as target.
With refrence to which classification has the statement "ranitidine is an antacid", been given?
While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines, why do these not interfere with the function of each other?
