Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimized? Classify the detergents according to their chemical nature.
Synthetic detergents are cleansing agents which have all the properties of soaps, but which actually do not contain any soap. These can be used both in soft and hard water as they given foam even in hard water. Detergents can be classified into three groups according their chemical nature.
(i) Anionic detergents – These are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons and sodium alkyl benzene sulphonates. e.g., CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3– Na+
Anionic part of these detergents is involved in cleansing action.
(ii) Cationic detergents – These are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides or bromides as anions.
(iii) Non-ionic detergents – These do not contain any ion in their constitution, e.g., detergent formed by steric acid and polyethylene glycol. CH3(CH2)16C00(CH2CH20)nCH2CH2OH.
Pollution by synthetic detergents can be minimized by reducing the branching of hydrocarbon chain or using unbranched hydrocarbons.
Which of the following are anionic detergents?
(a) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohol.
(b) Ester of stearic acid and polyethylene glycol.
(c) Quaternary ammonium salt of amine with acetate ion.
(d) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons.
Assertion (A): Preservative are added to food items.
Reason (R): Preservatives inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimized? Classify the detergents according to their chemical nature.
Which of the following are not used as food preservatives?
(a) Table salt (b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(c) Cane sugar (d) Benzoic acid
What are enzyme inhibitors? Classify them on the basis of their mode of attachments on the active site of enzymes. With the help of diagrams explain how do inhibitors inhibit the enzymatic activity.
Ckemistnj in Evenjdai] Life 325
While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines, why do these not interfere with the function of each other?
Which of the following statements are correct about barbiturates?
(a) Hypnotics or sleep producing agents.
(b) These are tranquilizers.
(c) Non-narcotic analgesics.
(d) Pain reducing without disturbing the nervous system.
Assertion (A): Receptors are crucial to body's communication process. Reason (R): Receptors are proteins.
Assertion (A): Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communi ¬cation of message between two neutrons or between neurons and muscles. Reason (R): Chemicals enter the cell through receptor.
Assertion (A): Sodium chloride is added to precipitate soap after saponification.
Reason (R): Hydrolysis of esters of long chain fatty acids by alkali produces soap in colloidal form.
Assertion (A): Receptor proteins show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other.
Reason (R): Chemical messenger binds to the receptor site and inhibits its natural function.
Sleeping pills are recommended by doctors to the patients suffering from sleeplessness but it is not advisable to take its doses without consultation with the doctor. Why?
With refrence to which classification has the statement "ranitidine is an antacid", been given?
If soap has high alkali content it’irritates skin. How can the amount of excess alkali be determined? What can be the source of excess alkali?
With refrence to which classification has the statement "ranitidine is an antacid", been given?
Which of the following compounds are administered as ant-acids?
(a) Sodium carbonate (b)Sodium Hydrogen carbonate
(c)Aluminium carbonate (d)Magnism Hydroxide
Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines but they cannot replace each other. Explain why?
What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond?
Assertion (A): Transparent soaps are made by dissolving soaps in ethanol. Reason (R): Ethanol makes things invisible.
Assertion (A): Non-competitive inhibitor inhibits the catalytic activity of enzyme by binding with its active site.
Reason (R): Non-competitive inhibitors changes the shape of the active site in such a way that substrate cannot recognize it.
Compounds with antiseptic properties are
(a) CHCl, (b) CHI3
(c) Boric acid (d) 0.3 ppm aqueous solution of Cl2
How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?
