Chemistry

Chemistry in Everyday Life

Question:

Which of the following are sulpha drugs?
(a) Sulphapyridine (b) Prontosil
(c) Salvarsan (d) Nardil

Answer:

(a, b)
(a) Sulphapyridine is a sulphonamide antibacterial drug.
(b) Prontosil is also called sulphamidochrysoidine.
(c) Salvarsan is arsenic based antibacterial drug.
(d) Nardil is an antidepressant drug.

previuos
next

Chemistry in Everyday Life

Q 1.

How are transparent soaps manufactured?

Q 2.

Which type of drugs come under antimicrobial drugs?

Q 3.

Why do we need to classify drugs in different ways?

Q 4.

What is the basic difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?

Q 5.

What are biodegradable and non-biodegradable detergents? Give one example of each.

Q 6.

What is a soft soap?

Q 7.

Assertion (A): Receptor proteins show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other.
Reason (R): Chemical messenger binds to the receptor site and inhibits its natural function.

Q 8.

Assertion (A): Preservative are added to food items.
Reason (R): Preservatives inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

Q 9.

Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimized? Classify the detergents according to their chemical nature.

Q 10.

Veronal and Luminal are derivatives of barbituric acid which are ………….

Q 11.

Which of the following are anionic detergents?
(a) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohol.
(b) Ester of stearic acid and polyethylene glycol.
(c) Quaternary ammonium salt of amine with acetate ion.
(d) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons.

Q 12.

What are enzyme inhibitors? Classify them on the basis of their mode of attachments on the active site of enzymes. With the help of diagrams explain how do inhibitors inhibit the enzymatic activity.
Ckemistnj in Evenjdai] Life 325

Q 13.

What is the scientific explanation for the feeling of depression?

Q 14.

What is the difference between saccharin and saccharic acid?

Q 15.

Why should not medicines be taken without consulting doctors?

Q 16.

What are antiseptics?

Q 17.

Why are certain drugs called enzyme inhibitors?

Q 18.

What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond?

Q 19.

How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Give one example of each.

Q 20.

What is the harmful effect of hyperacidity?

Q 21.

What is the medicinal use of narcotic drugs?

Q 22.

What are the functions performed by histamine in the body?

Q 23.

How are receptor proteins located in the cell membrane?

Q 24.

Explain the term, target molecules or drug targets as used in medicinal chemistry.

Q 25.

What are the main constituents of dettol?

Q 26.

Which of the following are not used as food preservatives?
(a) Table salt (b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(c) Cane sugar (d) Benzoic acid

Q 27.

Why is it safer to use soap from the environmental point of view?

Q 28.

With the help of an example explain how do tranquilizers control the feeling of depression?

Q 29.

Assertion (A): Non-competitive inhibitor inhibits the catalytic activity of enzyme by binding with its active site.
Reason (R): Non-competitive inhibitors changes the shape of the active site in such a way that substrate cannot recognize it.

Q 30.

Assertion (A): Artificial sweeteners are added to the food to control the intake of calories.
Reason (R): Most of the artificial sweeteners are inert and do not metabolise in the body.

Q 31.

Write the chemical equation for preparing sodium soap from glyceryl oleate and glyceryl palmitate. Structures of these compounds are given below:
(i)(C15H31COO)3C3H5-Glyceryl palmitate
(ii)(C17H32COO)3C3H5-Glyceryl oleate

Q 32.

Compounds with antiseptic properties are
(a) CHCl,   (b) CHI3
(c) Boric acid   (d) 0.3 ppm aqueous solution of Cl2

Q 33.

Which of the following statements are correct about barbiturates?
(a) Hypnotics or sleep producing agents.
(b) These are tranquilizers.
(c) Non-narcotic analgesics.
(d) Pain reducing without disturbing the nervous system.

Q 34.

Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines but they cannot replace each other. Explain why?

Q 35.

Explain why sometimes foaming is seen in river water near the place where sewage water is poured after treatment?

Q 36.

Between sodium hydrogen carbonate and magnesium hydroxide which is a better antacid and why?

Q 37.

What is the medicinal use of narcotic drugs?

Q 38.

Name an artificial sweetener which is derivative of sucrose.

Q 39.

Name two ct-amino acids which form a dipeptide which is 100 times more sweet than cane sugar?

Q 40.

Assertion (A): Receptors are crucial to body's communication process. Reason (R): Receptors are proteins.

Q 41.

Sleeping pills are recommended by doctors to the patients suffering from sleeplessness but it is not advisable to take its doses without consultation with the doctor. Why?

Q 42.

Why do we require artificial sweetening agents?

Q 43.

Name the macro molecules that are chosen as drug targets.

Q 44.

Low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression. What type of drugs are needed to cure this problem? Name two drugs.

Q 45.

Why are cimetidine and ranitidine better antacids than sodium hydrogencarbonate or magnesium or aluminium hydroxide?

Q 46.

Why is the use of aspartame limited to cold foods and drinks?

Q 47.

Name the sweetening agent used in the preparation of sweets for a diabetic patient.

Q 48.

How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?

Q 49.

What are antagonistic drugs?

Q 50.

What is the advantage of using antihistamines over antacids in the treatment of acidity?