Chemistry

Chemistry in Everyday Life

Question:

What is meant by the term broad spectrum antibiotics? Explain.

Answer:

Broad spectrum antibiotics are effective against several different types or wide range of harmful bacteria. For example, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and of loxacin. Chloramphenicol can be used in case of typhoid, dysentry, acute fever, urinary infections, meningitis and pneumonia.

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Chemistry in Everyday Life

Q 1.

Assertion (A): Receptor proteins show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other.
Reason (R): Chemical messenger binds to the receptor site and inhibits its natural function.

Q 2.

Assertion (A): Artificial sweeteners are added to the food to control the intake of calories.
Reason (R): Most of the artificial sweeteners are inert and do not metabolise in the body.

Q 3.

With refrence to which classification has the statement "ranitidine is an antacid", been given?

Q 4.

What is the scientific explanation for the feeling of depression?

Q 5.

Which of the following statements are incorrect about penicillin?
(a) An antibacterial fungus.
(b) Ampicillin is its synthetic modification.
(c) It has bacteriostatic effect.
(d) It is a broad spectrum antibiotic.

Q 6.

If soap has high alkali content it’irritates skin. How can the amount of excess alkali be determined? What can be the source of excess alkali?

Q 7.

What are the functions performed by histamine in the body?

Q 8.

Assertion (A): Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communi ¬cation of message between two neutrons or between neurons and muscles. Reason (R): Chemicals enter the cell through receptor.

Q 9.

Why should not medicines be taken without consulting doctors?

Q 10.

Which of the following statements are incorrect about receptor proteins?
(a) Majority of receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membranes.
(b) The active site of receptor proteins opens on the inside region of the cell.
(c) Chemical messengers are received at the binding sites of receptor proteins.
(d) Shape of receptor does not change during attachment of messenger.

Q 11.

Which site of an enzyme is called allosteric site?

Q 12.

Dishwashing soaps are synthetic detergents. What is their chemical nature?

Q 13.

What is the basic difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?

Q 14.

Between sodium hydrogen carbonate and magnesium hydroxide which is a better antacid and why?

Q 15.

What are fillers and what role these fillers play in soap?

Q 16.

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason does not explain assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason-both are correct statements and reason explains the assertion.
(c) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is correct statement and reason is wrong statements.
(e) Assertion is wrong statements and reason is correct statement.

Assertion (A): Penicillin (G) is an antihistamine.
Reason (R): Penicillin (G) is effective against gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria. .

Q 17.

Assertion (A): Chemical messenger gives message to the cell without entering the cell.
Reason (R): Chemical messenger is received at the binding site of receptor proteins.

Q 18.

Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimized? Classify the detergents according to their chemical nature.

Q 19.

Explain the term, target molecules or drug targets as used in medicinal chemistry.

Q 20.

Explain the following terms with suitable examples:
(i) cationic detergents (ii) anionic detergents and (iii) non-ionic detergents

Q 21.

Compounds with antiseptic properties are
(a) CHCl,   (b) CHI3
(c) Boric acid   (d) 0.3 ppm aqueous solution of Cl2

Q 22.

Veronal and Luminal are derivatives of barbituric acid which are ………….

Q 23.

Where are receptors located?

Q 24.

What is the commonality between the antibiotic arsphenamine and azo dye?

Q 25.

Draw the diagram showing micelle formation by the following detergent. CH3(CH2)10CH2O SO3  Na+.

Q 26.

How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?

Q 27.

What is the medicinal use of narcotic drugs?

Q 28.

What is the difference between bathing soap and washing soaps?

Q 29.

What is the advantage of using antihistamines over antacids in the treatment of acidity?

Q 30.

What is the difference between saccharin and saccharic acid?

Q 31.

Sodium salts of some acids are Very useful as food preservatives. Suggest a few such acids.

Q 32.

What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond?

Q 33.

Assertion (A): Enzymes have active sites that hold substrate molecule for a chemical reaction.
Reason (R): Drugs compete with natural substrate by attaching covalently to the active site of enzyme.

Q 34.

Assertion (A): All chemicals added to food items are called food preservatives.
Reason (R): All these chemicals increase the nutritive value of the food.

Q 35.

Assertion (A): Preservative are added to food items.
Reason (R): Preservatives inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

Q 36.

What are enzyme inhibitors? Classify them on the basis of their mode of attachments on the active site of enzymes. With the help of diagrams explain how do inhibitors inhibit the enzymatic activity.
Ckemistnj in Evenjdai] Life 325

Q 37.

Sleeping pills are recommended by doctors to the patients suffering from sleeplessness but it is not advisable to take its doses without consultation with the doctor. Why?

Q 38.

With refrence to which classification has the statement "ranitidine is an antacid", been given?

Q 39.

Name the macro molecules that are chosen as drug targets.

Q 40.

Define the term chemotherapy.

Q 41.

While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines, why do these not interfere with the function of each other?

Q 42.

How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Give one example of each.

Q 43.

What are artificial sweetening agents? Give two examples.

Q 44.

What problem arises in using alitame as artificial sweetener?

Q 45.

Can you use soaps and synthetic detergents to check the hardness of water?

Q 46.

Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in the following compounds.
(i)CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3 Na+
(ii)CH3(CH2)15 -N+(CH3)3Br
(iii)CH3(CH2)16C00(CH2CH2O)11CH2CH2OH

Q 47.

Which of the following are sulpha drugs?
(a) Sulphapyridine (b) Prontosil
(c) Salvarsan (d) Nardil

Q 48.

Which of the following are antidepressants?
(a) Iproniazid (b) Phenelzine (c) Equanil (d) Salvarsan

Q 49.

What are antiseptics?

Q 50.

What is a soft soap?