How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Give one example of each.
Antiseptics are chemical substances which prevent the growth of micro-organisms and may even kill them but they are not harmful for human or animal tissues. For example, dettol and savlon. They are generally applied on wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces. Furacin and soframycin are well known antiseptic creams.
Disinfectants are chemical substances which kill microorganisms but are not safe to be applied to the living tissues. These are generally used to kill microorganisms present in the drains toilets, floors, etc. Some common examples of disinfectants are phenol ( 1% solution) and chlorine (0.2 to 0.4 ppm).
Which of the following are anionic detergents?
(a) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohol.
(b) Ester of stearic acid and polyethylene glycol.
(c) Quaternary ammonium salt of amine with acetate ion.
(d) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons.
Assertion (A): Preservative are added to food items.
Reason (R): Preservatives inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimized? Classify the detergents according to their chemical nature.
Which of the following are not used as food preservatives?
(a) Table salt (b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(c) Cane sugar (d) Benzoic acid
While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines, why do these not interfere with the function of each other?
Which of the following statements are correct about barbiturates?
(a) Hypnotics or sleep producing agents.
(b) These are tranquilizers.
(c) Non-narcotic analgesics.
(d) Pain reducing without disturbing the nervous system.
Assertion (A): Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communi ¬cation of message between two neutrons or between neurons and muscles. Reason (R): Chemicals enter the cell through receptor.
What are enzyme inhibitors? Classify them on the basis of their mode of attachments on the active site of enzymes. With the help of diagrams explain how do inhibitors inhibit the enzymatic activity.
Ckemistnj in Evenjdai] Life 325
Assertion (A): Receptors are crucial to body's communication process. Reason (R): Receptors are proteins.
Assertion (A): Sodium chloride is added to precipitate soap after saponification.
Reason (R): Hydrolysis of esters of long chain fatty acids by alkali produces soap in colloidal form.
Assertion (A): Receptor proteins show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other.
Reason (R): Chemical messenger binds to the receptor site and inhibits its natural function.
Sleeping pills are recommended by doctors to the patients suffering from sleeplessness but it is not advisable to take its doses without consultation with the doctor. Why?
If soap has high alkali content it’irritates skin. How can the amount of excess alkali be determined? What can be the source of excess alkali?
With refrence to which classification has the statement "ranitidine is an antacid", been given?
With refrence to which classification has the statement "ranitidine is an antacid", been given?
Which of the following compounds are administered as ant-acids?
(a) Sodium carbonate (b)Sodium Hydrogen carbonate
(c)Aluminium carbonate (d)Magnism Hydroxide
Assertion (A): Transparent soaps are made by dissolving soaps in ethanol. Reason (R): Ethanol makes things invisible.
Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines but they cannot replace each other. Explain why?
How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?
What is the advantage of using antihistamines over antacids in the treatment of acidity?
What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond?
Low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression. What type of drugs are needed to cure this problem? Name two drugs.
