The decision of MNCs to relocate production to Asian countries.
a) When the Corn Laws were abolished, food could be imported into Britain more cheaply than it could be produced within the country. British agriculture was unable to compete with imports. Vast areas of land were now left uncultivated, and thousands of men and women were thrown out of work. They flocked to the cities or migrated overseas.
b) Rinderpest , a cattle disease, arrived in Africa in the late 1880s. It was carried by infected cattle imported from British Asia to East Africa. Entering Africa in the east, rinderpest moved west ‘like forest fire', reaching Africa's Atlantic coast in 1892. It reached the Cape five years later. Along the way rinderpest killed 90 per cent of the cattle. The loss of cattle destroyed African livelihoods. Planters, mine owners and colonial governments now successfully monopolised what scarce cattle resources remained, to strengthen their power and to force Africans into the labour market. Control over the scarce resource of cattle enabled European colonisers to conquer and subdue Africa.
c) The First World War (1914-18) was mainly fought in Europe. To fight the war, millions of soldiers had to be recruited from around the world and moved to the frontlines on large ships and trains. The scale of death and destruction 9 million dead and 20 million injured was unthinkable. Most of the killed and maimed were men of working age. These deaths and injuries reduced the able-bodied workforce in Europe. With fewer numbers within the family, household incomes declined after the war.
d) The depression immediately affected Indian trade. India's exports and imports nearly halved between 1928 and 1934. As international prices crashed, prices in India also plunged. Between 1928 and 1934, wheat prices in India fell by 50 per cent. Peasants and farmers suffered more than urban dwellers. Though agricultural prices fell sharply, the colonial government refused to reduce revenue demands. Peasants producing for the world market were the worst hit.
e) The relocation of MNCs to low-wage countries stimulated world trade and capital flows. In the last two decades the world's economic geography has been transformed as countries such as India, China and Brazil have undergone rapid economic transformation.
Name any two Indian groups of bankers who financed export agriculture in Central and South-east Asia.
‘The First World War was modern industrial war’. Explain.
Or
Explain how the First World War was so horrible a war like none other before. [CBSE 2010 (0)]
Or
How far is it correct to say that "The First World Wax was the First modem industrial war”? Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Before the arrival of outsiders most of the Africans had a little reason to work for a wage’. Give reasons.
"Food offers many examples of long distance cultural exchange."Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Or
Assess with examples the contribution of food to the process of globalisation of the early periods. [CBSE 2012]
Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas.
Why did the European employers find it difficult to recruit labour in Africa ? Give two methods they used to recruit and retain labour. [CBSE 2011)
Or
Why was there a shortage of labour willing to work for wages in Africa in the 1890s ? How did Europeans try to recruit and retain labour ? Explain any two methods. [CBSE 2012]
Or
What methods were used by the European employers to recruit and retain the African labourers ?
What is NIF.O ?
Or
Why did Group 77 countries demand a New International Economic Order ? Explain. [CBSE 2009 (D). Sept, 2010]
Or
Why did most of the developing countries organise themselves as a group the Group of 77 (G-77) ? [CBSE 2012)
What steps were taken by the British government to improve agriculture in West Punjab ?
Explain the impact of the Great Depression on the Indian economy. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2014]
Or
Explain the impact of the Great Depression on Indian farmers in the early twentieth century. [CBSE 2009 (F), Sept. 2012]
Highlight three main features of life of African people before the coming of Europeans. [CBSE 2013]
Name the economist who thought that India gold exports during the Great Depression of 1929 promoted global economic recovery.
Why thousands of people fled Europe for America in the 19th century ?
Or
Why did thousands of people flee away from Europe to America in the 19th century ? Give any three reasons. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
India played a crucial role in the late 19th century world economy”. Explain. [CBSE 2014]
The agricultural regions and communities were the worst affected by the Great Depression of 1929'. Give one reason.
G-77 can be seen as a reaction to the activities of Bretton Woods Twins. Explain the statement with five arguments. [CBSE 2013]
Why China and other Asian countries became attractive destination for investment by foreign MNC's ?
Why were the Corn Laws scrapped ? Explain any three reasons.[CBSE Comp. (D) 2008, 2009 (F), Sept. 2011]