Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the 17th century, choosing one example from Asia, and one from the America.
(i) Exchange of food : Food offers many examples of long distance cultural exchange. It is believed that ‘noodles’ travelled west from China to become ‘spaghetti’.
(ii) Exchange of germs : The Portuguese and Spanish conquests and colonisation of America was decisively underway by the mid-sixteenth century. The European conquest was not just a result of superior firepower. In fact, the most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors was not a conventional military weapon at all. It was the germs such as those of smallpox that they carried on their person. Because of their long isolation, America's original inhabitants had no immunity against these diseases that came from Europe. Smallpox in particular proved a deadly killer. Once introduced, it spread deep into the continent, ahead even of any European reaching there. It killed and decimated whole communities, paving the way for conquest.
What is NIF.O ?
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Why did Group 77 countries demand a New International Economic Order ? Explain. [CBSE 2009 (D). Sept, 2010]
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Why did most of the developing countries organise themselves as a group the Group of 77 (G-77) ? [CBSE 2012)
Name the economist who thought that India gold exports during the Great Depression of 1929 promoted global economic recovery.
Name any two world institutions which were established under the Bretton Woods. Also mention one objective of each. [CBSE 2014]
Highlight three main features of life of African people before the coming of Europeans. [CBSE 2013]
Name any two countries which became major supplier of wheat during the First World War.
India played a crucial role in the late 19th century world economy”. Explain. [CBSE 2014]
‘The First World War was modern industrial war’. Explain.
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Explain how the First World War was so horrible a war like none other before. [CBSE 2010 (0)]
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How far is it correct to say that "The First World Wax was the First modem industrial war”? Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
"European conquests produced many painful economic, social and ecological changes through which the colonised societies were brought into the world economy."Explain. [CBSE 2015]
How was the income received from trade surplus with India used by Britain ? [CBSE 2008 (D)]
The agricultural regions and communities were the worst affected by the Great Depression of 1929'. Give one reason.
Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas.
‘The indentured workers had discovered their own ways of surviving.” Explain. [CBSE 2013]
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How did the indentured labourers maintain their cultural identity in other part of the world ? [CBSE 2013]
Why did the European employers find it difficult to recruit labour in Africa ? Give two methods they used to recruit and retain labour. [CBSE 2011)
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Why was there a shortage of labour willing to work for wages in Africa in the 1890s ? How did Europeans try to recruit and retain labour ? Explain any two methods. [CBSE 2012]
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What methods were used by the European employers to recruit and retain the African labourers ?
What was mass production? Explain its impact on the world economy of earlier 20th century.
Why China and other Asian countries became attractive destination for investment by foreign MNC's ?
Why were the Corn Laws scrapped ? Explain any three reasons.[CBSE Comp. (D) 2008, 2009 (F), Sept. 2011]
Why was there a need for clearing lands in Britain during the nineteenth century ? Explain any three reasons.
[CBSE Comp. (D) 2008]
Explain how the global transfer of disease in the pre-modern world helped in the colonisation of the Americas.