What is meant by the Bretton Woods Agreement ? Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2010. 2011]
The Bretton Woods Conference took place in the July of 1944 at Bretton Woods in New Hamsphire, USA. Under this system, the International Monetary Fund (IMP) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) were established.
The main terms of this agreement were:
(i) Formation of IMF and IBRD (also called the World Bank).
(ii) To establish monetary cooperation amongst the member countries.
(iii) Adjustable peg foreign exchange rates system was followed, i. the exchange rates were fixed, with the provision of changing them if necessary.
Currencies were required to be convertible for trade related and other current account transactions. The governments, however, had the power to regulate capital flows.
(iv) All member countries were required to subscribe to the IMF’s capital.
What is NIF.O ?
Or
Why did Group 77 countries demand a New International Economic Order ? Explain. [CBSE 2009 (D). Sept, 2010]
Or
Why did most of the developing countries organise themselves as a group the Group of 77 (G-77) ? [CBSE 2012)
Name the economist who thought that India gold exports during the Great Depression of 1929 promoted global economic recovery.
Name any two world institutions which were established under the Bretton Woods. Also mention one objective of each. [CBSE 2014]
Highlight three main features of life of African people before the coming of Europeans. [CBSE 2013]
Name any two countries which became major supplier of wheat during the First World War.
India played a crucial role in the late 19th century world economy”. Explain. [CBSE 2014]
‘The First World War was modern industrial war’. Explain.
Or
Explain how the First World War was so horrible a war like none other before. [CBSE 2010 (0)]
Or
How far is it correct to say that "The First World Wax was the First modem industrial war”? Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
How was the income received from trade surplus with India used by Britain ? [CBSE 2008 (D)]
Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas.
‘The indentured workers had discovered their own ways of surviving.” Explain. [CBSE 2013]
Or
How did the indentured labourers maintain their cultural identity in other part of the world ? [CBSE 2013]
Why did the European employers find it difficult to recruit labour in Africa ? Give two methods they used to recruit and retain labour. [CBSE 2011)
Or
Why was there a shortage of labour willing to work for wages in Africa in the 1890s ? How did Europeans try to recruit and retain labour ? Explain any two methods. [CBSE 2012]
Or
What methods were used by the European employers to recruit and retain the African labourers ?
Why China and other Asian countries became attractive destination for investment by foreign MNC's ?
"European conquests produced many painful economic, social and ecological changes through which the colonised societies were brought into the world economy."Explain. [CBSE 2015]
Why was there a need for clearing lands in Britain during the nineteenth century ? Explain any three reasons.
[CBSE Comp. (D) 2008]
Explain the impacts of scrapping of the Corn Law. [CBSE Sept, 2010, 2014]
Or
What was the result of the abolishing of Corn Laws? [CBSE Sept, 2010, 2012]
Define the term ‘Trade Surplus’. How was the income received from trade surplus with India used by Britain? [CBSE 2010, 2012, 2011]
What were the main reasons for the attraction of Europeans to Africa ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2014]
Mention any two factors which were responsible for price rise of food grains in Britain in the late 18th century.