Explain what is meant by proto-Industrialisation.
Proto', means the first or early form of something. Before the Industrial Revolution, goods were produced for the International market in a large scale. These goods were not produced in factories with modern machinery. These goods wee produced by hand labour in cottages in villages. This period of industrialisation is called proto-industrialisation'.
Which pre-colonial port connected India to the Gulf countries and the Red Sea ports ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Give reasons why the handloom weavers in India survived the onslaught of the machine made textiles of Manchester ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
How did small scale industries survive in India despite of Industrialisation ? [CBSE 2013]
“By the 1860s Indian weavers failed to get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality”. Give reason.
Name the provinces where most of the large-scale industries were located during the colonial period.
What technological change helped in improving production of India industry during the 20th century ?
Explain the major features of the industrialisation process of Europe in the 19th century. [CBSE Compt. 2008 (O)]
Name the European Managing agencies which controlled the large sector of Indian industries.
What is meant by proto-industrialisation ? How did it affect the rural peasants and artisans ? [CBSE 2012]
Or
How did the poor peasants and artisans benefit during the proto-industrialisation phase? [CBSE 2011]
Write a short note on the development of factories in India.
Or
Explain the growth of factories in India.
Why did the upper class people prefer to use hand products in the Victorian period ? Explain with examples.
Why in Victorian Britain, the upper classes preferred things produced by hand ? Give three reasons. (CBSE Sept. 2010)
"In Victorian Britain, the upper classes – the aristocrats and the bourgeoisie – preferred things produced by hand". Give reason.
When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels with pictures on the cloth bundles. Why did they do so ? Explain.
Why did the industrial production in India increase during the First World War ? [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Name the provinces where most of the large-scale industries were located. How can you say that small-scale production continued to predominate even in the late 20th century ?
When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud."What was the message ?
“Under the colonial era the Indian merchants were discriminated and space within which Indian merchants could function became increasingly limited’. Justify.
What were the problems of Indian weavers at the early 19th century ? [CBSE 2009 (O). Sept. 2010. 2011)
Or
Explain the miserable conditions of Indian weavers during the East India Company’? regime in the eighteenth century. [CBSE 200S IF). Sept. 2010) Or
Describe any four impacts of Manchester imports on the cotton weavers of India. [CBSE Sept. 2011)
Why was East India Company keen on expanding textile exports from India during the 1760 ? Explain any three reasons. [CBSE 2013]
Why the production of cotton industry boomed in the late 19th century ?
Or
How had a series of inventions in the eighteenth century increased the efficiency of each step of the production process in cotton textile industry ? Explain. [CBSE 2008]
Why was it difficult for the new European merchants to set up business in town in the 17th and 18th centuries ?
How were machines and technology . glorified in England in the early 20th century through pictures on the cover pages of some books ? [CBSE 2013]
Write True or False against each statement:
(a) At the end of the 19th century, 80 per cent of the total workforce in Europe was employed in the technologically advanced industrial sector.
(b) The international market for textiles was dominated by India till the eighteenth century.
(c) The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India.
(d) The introduction of the fly shuttle enabled the handloom workers to improve their productivity.
Why did some industrialists in the nineteenth century Europe prefer hand labour over machines ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]