How do Cloth Merchants function?
A Cloth Merchant who sells cloth or clothes first invests money and buys wool from a wool stapler. He then takes the wool to the craftsmen in the villages and asks them to spin it into yarn. The yarn is given to the weavers, who are also in the villages. From the weavers it moves on to the fullers and then the dyers. The final finishing of the cloth or garment is done in the towns. The finished product is then sold in the International market, by the Merchants.
Why did the upper class people prefer to use hand products in the Victorian period ? Explain with examples.
Why in Victorian Britain, the upper classes preferred things produced by hand ? Give three reasons. (CBSE Sept. 2010)
Give reasons why the handloom weavers in India survived the onslaught of the machine made textiles of Manchester ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
How did small scale industries survive in India despite of Industrialisation ? [CBSE 2013]
Which pre-colonial port connected India to the Gulf countries and the Red Sea ports ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
“By the 1860s Indian weavers failed to get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality”. Give reason.
What technological change helped in improving production of India industry during the 20th century ?
What is meant by proto-industrialisation ? How did it affect the rural peasants and artisans ? [CBSE 2012]
Or
How did the poor peasants and artisans benefit during the proto-industrialisation phase? [CBSE 2011]
Write True or False against each statement:
(a) At the end of the 19th century, 80 per cent of the total workforce in Europe was employed in the technologically advanced industrial sector.
(b) The international market for textiles was dominated by India till the eighteenth century.
(c) The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India.
(d) The introduction of the fly shuttle enabled the handloom workers to improve their productivity.
Explain the major features of the industrialisation process of Europe in the 19th century. [CBSE Compt. 2008 (O)]
Name the provinces where most of the large-scale industries were located during the colonial period.
When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud."What was the message ?
How were machines and technology . glorified in England in the early 20th century through pictures on the cover pages of some books ? [CBSE 2013]
Why was East India Company keen on expanding textile exports from India during the 1760 ? Explain any three reasons. [CBSE 2013]
“Under the colonial era the Indian merchants were discriminated and space within which Indian merchants could function became increasingly limited’. Justify.
When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels with pictures on the cloth bundles. Why did they do so ? Explain.
Why did the network of export trade in textiles controlled by the Indian merchants break down by the 1750s ? Mention any two effects of such a breakdown ? [CBSE 2013]
Why did the industrial production in India increase during the First World War ? [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Why was it difficult for the new European merchants to set up business in town in the 17th and 18th centuries ?
Write a short note on the development of factories in India.
Or
Explain the growth of factories in India.
”Before establishing political power in Bengal and Carnatic in the 1760 and 1770s, the East India Company had found it difficult to ensure a regular supply of goods for export. Give reasons.
What is the importance of advertisement? How advertisement was used by the Britishers to expand the market for their products?
Assess the impact of the American Civil War on the plight of Weavers in India during second half at the 18th century. [CBSE 2014]
Explain the following :
(a) Woman workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
(b) In the seventeenth century, merchants from towns In Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages.
(c) The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century.
(d) The East India Company appointed Gomasthas to supervise the weavers in India. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
The proto-industrialisation helped in building a close relationship between the town and the countryside”. Explain.