Why did the network of export trade in textiles controlled by the Indian merchants break down by the 1750s ? Mention any two effects of such a breakdown ? [CBSE 2013]
(i) European trading companies gained power. First, they acquired trading concessions from local rulers, then monopolised rights to trade.
(ii)This resulted in the decline of the old ports of Surat and Hoogly.
(iii)Exports from the old ports fell dramatically and local bankers slowly went bankrupt.
Impacts :
(a) Weavers devoted entire time to weaving. They were forced to accept the prices fixed by the company.
(b) There were reports of dashes between weavers and gomasthas. The new gomasthas were outsiders. They acted arrogantly, marched into villages with sepoys and peons, and punished weavers for delays in supply. The weavers lost the space to bargain for prices and sell to different buyers
(c) Weavers deserted villages and migrated, setting up looms in other villages where they had some family relations.
Name the European Managing agencies which controlled the large sector of Indian industries.
Why did some Industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?
The proto-industrialisation helped in building a close relationship between the town and the countryside”. Explain.
Why did the peasants agree to accept advances made by the merchants to produce goods for them in Europe during the 17th and the 18th centuries* ? Explain three reasons. [CBSE Comp. (D) 2008]
Or
How were new merchant groups in Europe able to spread their business in the countryside before the Industrial Revolution ? Explain.
Or
Briefly explain the method and system of production in the countryside in England.
[CBSE 2013]
How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from the Indian weavers ?
When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels with pictures on the cloth bundles. Why did they do so ? Explain.
Which pre-colonial port connected India to the Gulf countries and the Red Sea ports ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Why women workers attacked the spinning Jenny a machine which was introduced in Britain ?
When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud."What was the message ?
What technological change helped in improving production of India industry during the 20th century ?
Explain the following :
(a) Woman workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
(b) In the seventeenth century, merchants from towns In Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages.
(c) The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century.
(d) The East India Company appointed Gomasthas to supervise the weavers in India. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Why did the industrial production in India increase during the First World War ? [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Why did the network of export trade in textiles controlled by the Indian merchants break down by the 1750s ? Mention any two effects of such a breakdown ? [CBSE 2013]
By the first decade of the 20th century, a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialisation in India. Explain. [CBSE 2008. Sept. 2013]
“Under the colonial era the Indian merchants were discriminated and space within which Indian merchants could function became increasingly limited’. Justify.
How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from Indian weavers?
“Certain group of weavers were in a better position than others to survive the competition with mill industries-. Explain. [CBSE 2014]
What was importance of advertisements in expanding the market during the colonial period ?
Explain the major features of the industrialisation process of Europe in the 19th century. [CBSE Compt. 2008 (O)]
Why was it difficult for the new European merchants to set up business in town in the 17th and 18th centuries ?