Give two examples to show that in the 18th century Europe there were no nation states.
In the mid-eighteenth-century Europe there were no ‘nation-states' as we know them today. The countries such as Germany, Italy and Switzerland, which we know today were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories. Eastern and Central Europe were under autocratic monarchies within the territories of which lived diverse peoples. They did not see themselves as sharing a collective identity or a common culture. Often, they even spoke different languages and belonged to different ethnic groups.
The Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary, for example, was a patchwork of many different regions and peoples. It included the Alpine regions – the Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland – as well as Bohemia, where the aristocracy was predominantly German-speaking. It also included the Italian-speaking provinces of Lombardy and Venetia.
In Hungary, half of the population spoke Magyar while the other half spoke a variety of dialects. In Galicia, the aristocracy spoke Polish. Besides these three dominant groups, there also lived within the boundaries of the empire, a mass of subject peasant peoples Bohemians and Slovaks to the north, Slovenes in Carniola, Croats to the south, and Roumans to the east in Transylvania. Such differences did not easily promote a sense of political unity. The only tie binding these diverse groups together was a common allegiance to the emperor.
The US media and films played a major role in both supporting as well as criti cising the Vietnam war/ Explain.
Under what circumstances Vietnam was divided into the north and south Vietnam ?
Or
Explain any four major challenges faced by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. [CBSE 2008, 2009(0), March 2012]
What was the development in China- which took place in 1911 and inspired the Vietnamese nationalists ?
‘The measures taken by the French to control the spread of bubonic plague in Hanoi created a serious problem.” Explain the statement.
Explain the role of women in the anti imperial struggle in Vietnam.
[CBSE March 2011]
Or
Evaluate the role of Vietnamese women during 1960s war period and after the war in peace time. [CBSE 2008, 2010 (F) 2014 (D) Compt.]
Or
Who wrote the play based on the lives of Trung sisters ? What was depicted in the play ? [CBSE 2014]
Why some policy makers of France to emphasised the need to use the French language as a medium of instruction in Vietnam ?
Name any one party formed by the students of Vietnam to fight against the colonial government ?
Who was the founder of Vietnamese Communist Party? Under what circumstances was the Party formed ?
US entry into the war marked a new phase that proved costly to the Vietnamese as well as to the Americans.” Explain. [CBSE 2014]
What were the major features of the new schools of Western learning introduced in Vietnam by the French ?
Or
Explain four features of the education being given in the Tonkin Free Schools which was started to provide the western style of education in Vietnam. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008]
How did students in Vietnam fight against the colonial government's efforts to prevent Vietnamese from qualifying for white collar jobs' ? Explain. [CBSE 2014(0)]
Why was conflict started in Vietnam against French colonizers in all areas of life ? Explain. [CBSE 2010 (D)]
Or
‘The French discriminated the Vietnamese in all areas of life.' Explain.
How was the idea of “looking modem” implemented in Tonkin Free School ? Explain. [CBSE 2012]
What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed?
Who was Phan Chu Trinh ? How did he help in the modernisation of Vietnam ? [CBSE March 2011]
Or
Explain any four ideas of Phan Chu Trinh. [CBSE March 2011, 2012, 2013(D), 2014(F)]
Or
Explain the features of the ideology of Phan Chu Trinh. [CBSE March 2011]
Or
Explain the ideas of Phan Chu Trinh to establish a democratic republic in Viet nam. [CBSE 2014]
What was the role of religious groups in the development of the anti-colonial feeling in Vietnam? [CBSE March 2011]
Early Vietnamese nationalists had close relationship with Japan and China'. ^ Explain by giving examples.[CBSE 2013 (D)]
Or
Describe any five features of the Go East Movement'.
Mention any two steps which were taken by the French government to improve transportation in Vietnam.
Why most of the Vietnamese intellectuals were against the introduction of French curriculam in the schools ?