History

The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China

Question:

Describe the ideas behind the Tonkin Free School. To what extent was it a typical example of colonial ideas in Vietnam ?  [CBSE 2009 (F), 2013 (O)]

Answer:

Ideas behind Tonkin Schools :
(i) Spread of Western style Education : These schools were started in 1907 to provide a Western style education. This  education included classes in science, hygiene and French (these classes were held in the evening and had to be paid for separately).
(ii) To consolidate their power : The French were faced with yet another problem in the sphere of education: the elites in Vietnam were powerfully influenced by Chinese culture. To consolidate their power, the French had to counter this Chinese influence. So they systematically dismantled the traditional educational system and established French schools for the Vietnamese.
(iii) Educated labour for administration : The French needed an educated local labour force.
(iv) To demonstrate superiority of French culture : Many scholars believed that by learning the language, the Vietnamese would be introduced to the culture and civilisation of France. This would help create an ‘Asiatic France solidly tied to European France’. The educated people in Vietnam would respect French sentiments and ideals, see the superiority of French culture, and work for the French
 It was a typical example of colonial ideas as
(i) Civilising Mission : Like the British in India, the French claimed that they were bringing modern civilisation to the Vietnamese. They took for granted that Europe had developed the most advanced civilisation. So it became the duty of the Europeans to introduce these modern ideas to the colony even if this meant destroying local cultures, religions and traditions, because these were seen as outdated and prevented modem development.
(ii) Racial Discrimination policy : The French considered themselves as superior race. They started policy of discrimination even in schools also. The front rows in the schools were reserved for the French students only.
(iii) Justification of French rule : School textbooks glorified the French and justified colonial rule. The Vietnamese were represented as primitive and backward, capable of manual labour but not of intellectual reflection; they could work in the
fields but not rule themselves; they were ‘skilled copyists’ but not creative. School children were told that only French rule could ensure peace in Vietnam.
(iv) Use of education to change the values and culture : By introducing French schools the French tried to change the values, norms and perceptions of the people, to make them believe in the superiority of French civilisation and the inferiority of the Vietnamese.
(v) Failing the Vietnamese in the final year : Only the Vietnamese elite – comprising a small fraction of the population – could enroll in the schools, and only a few among those admitted ultimately passed the school ­leaving examination. This was largely because of a deliberate policy of failing students, particularly in the final year, so that they could not qualify for the better-paid jobs.

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The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China

Q 1.

What were the major barriers to economic growth in Vietnam according to Bernard ?

Q 2.

What was Viet Minh ?

Q 3.

Mention any two steps which were taken by the French to improve economic condition of Vietnam.

Q 4.

Why was the Tonkin Free School started in 1907 ?

Q 5.

Explain the following –
(a) Only one-third of the students in Vietnam would pass the school-leaving examinations.
(b) The French began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta.
(c) The government made the Saigon Native Girls School take back the students it had expelled.  [CBSE 2014(D)]
Or
Why did a major protest erupt in 1926 in the Saigon Native Girls School in Vietnam ? Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Or
Describe the incident that took place in 1926 in Saigon Native Girls School.
[CBSE 2014]
(d) Rats were most common in the modern, newly built areas of Hanoi.

Q 6.

Write a note on The Greek war of independence.

Q 7.

What were the highlights of the Treaty of Vienna 1815?

Q 8.

What was ‘Go East Movement'?  [CBSE 2008 (D), March 2011]

Q 9.

Name the Vietnamian nationalist who wanted to establish a Democratic Republic in Vietnam ?

Q 10.

Who was the founder of Indo-Chinese Communist Party ?

Q 11.

What is the meaning of concentration camps ?                     [CBSE 2015 (O)]

Q 12.

‘The measures taken by the French to control the spread of bubonic plague in Hanoi created a serious problem.” Explain the statement.

Q 13.

What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?

Q 14.

Under what circumstances Vietnam was divided into the north and south Vietnam ?
Or
Explain any four major challenges faced by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.  [CBSE 2008, 2009(0), March 2012]

Q 15.

Explain the reasons for the popularity of ‘Go East Movement. [CBSE March 2011]

Q 16.

When were the Tonkin Free Schools established ? [CBSE 2011]

Q 17.

Name any two countries with which Vietnamese nationalists had a close relationship.

Q 18.

Who was Sun Yat Sen ?

Q 19.

What was the ‘civilizing mission' of the colonisers ? Mention any two steps taken by the French under this. What was the real motive behind this mission ?

Q 20.

Education was used as a mode by the French to strengthen their rule in Vietnam whereas it was used as a weapon by the Vietnamese to fight against the colonalism'. Explain.
Or
How did the French seek to strengthen their rule in Vietnam through the control of education ?   [CBSE 2014]

Q 21.

Explain the role of women in the anti ­imperial struggle in Vietnam.
[CBSE March 2011]
Or
Evaluate the role of Vietnamese women during 1960s war period and after the war in peace time.  [CBSE 2008, 2010 (F) 2014 (D) Compt.]
Or
Who wrote the play based on the lives of Trung sisters ? What was depicted in the play ? [CBSE 2014]

Q 22.

Write a note on Count Camillo de Cavour.

Q 23.

How was education used as a weapon by the Vietnamese to fight against the colonialism ? Explain.

Q 24.

Who was Phan Boi Chau ? Explain his role in arousing anti-imperialist sentiments.

Q 25.

What was the role of religious groups in the development of the anti-colonial feeling in Vietnam? [CBSE March 2011]

Q 26.

(i) Why did the U.S. government decide to intervene in the Civil War in Vietnam  ?
(ii) What were its effects on the people of Vietnam ? [CBSE March 2012]
Or
The phase of struggle between 1965-1972 with US was called brutal of Vietnamese. Explain the reasons. [CBSE 2014]

Q 27.

How was Vietnam unified ? Explain.  [CBSE 2012]

Q 28.

What did Liberal Nationalism Stand for?

Q 29.

What was the cause of Silesian weavers uprising? Comment on the viewpoint of the journalist.

Q 30.

What did Liberal Nationalism Stand for?

Q 31.

How was French Indo-China formed ?  [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008]

Q 32.

Why did the French policy makers want to educate the people of Vietnam ? Explain. [CBSE 2009 (D), March 2011 ]

Q 33.

What were the major features of the new schools of Western learning introduced in Vietnam by the French ?
Or
Explain four features of the education being given in the Tonkin Free Schools which was started to provide the western style of education in Vietnam.  [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008]

Q 34.

What was the impact of the Great Depression of 1929 on Vietnam ?

Q 35.

The US media and films played a major role in both supporting as well as criti ­cising the Vietnam war/ Explain.

Q 36.

Under what circumstances did the US enter the Vietnam war ? Explain.

Q 37.

Explain the impact of Vietnam War on Vietnam.

Q 38.

State the contribution of Ho Chi Minh In the Freedom movement of Vietnam.  CBSE March 2012, 2013 (D)]
Or
Who was Ho Chi Minh ? State his contribution in the freedom movement of Vietnam.             [CBSE 2012]
Or
Explain any four contributions of Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam’s struggle for Independence.
Or
How could you relate Communist  Movement with ‘Vietnamese Nationalism’?  Explain in four points.[CBSE 2012]
Or
Relate communist movement with  ‘Vietnamese Nationalism’ and explain.

Q 39.

What is the Ho Chi Minh trail? Describe  any three points of its importance.  [CBSE Comp. (D) 2008, March 2011]

Q 40.

What was the main motive of the French to develop the Infrastructural projects in Vietnam ? Explain how far did they succeed in their mission.  [CBSE 2010 (D), March 2011]

Q 41.

How did students in Vietnam fight against the colonial government's efforts to prevent Vietnamese from qualifying for white collar jobs' ? Explain.  [CBSE 2014(0)]

Q 42.

How was the maritime silk route useful for Vietnam ?   [CBSE 2015 (O)]

Q 43.

Mention the main base of colonial economy of Vietnam. [CBSE 2008 (D)]

Q 44.

Name the countries which forms the Indo ­China.

Q 45.

What was Hoa Hao Movement ?

Q 46.

Why some policy makers of France to  emphasised the need to use the French language as a medium of instruction in Vietnam ?

Q 47.

Name any one party formed by the students of Vietnam to fight against the colonial government ?

Q 48.

Why most of the Vietnamese intellectuals were against the introduction of French curriculam in the schools ?

Q 49.

When was Scholars Revolt started ?

Q 50.

Name a religious movement which was hostile to the Western presence in Vietnam.