The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China

(I) Scholar's Revolt :
(i) This was an anti French Movement launched in 1887.
(ii) The main aim of the movement was loyalty to the monarchy and hatred for the French.
(iii) The movement was led by officials at the imperial court.
(iv) The movement was very intense in Ngu An and Ha tien province.
(v) More than 1,000 Catholics were killed by the rebels.
(vi) Though movement was crushed by the French but it served to inspire people to rise up against the French.
(II) Hoa Hao Movement :
(i) It was an anti French movement launched in 1939.
(b) The movement was launched by Huynh Phu So, a Buddhist scholar. He was also  a social reformer who was against  gambling, child marriage, useless . ,             expenditure, etc.
(iii) The movement was based on religious ideas.
(iv)The movement played a major role in arousing the anti French feelings
(III) Role of Phan Boi Chu : For details refer
Phan Boi Chau was one of the leading figure in the anti-colonial movement in early 20th century Vietnam.
(i) Vietnamese Nationalist : Phan Boi Chau was a Vietnamese nationalist and a freedom fighter. He formed the Revolutionary Society in 1903 under the leadership of Prince Cuong De.
(ii) Literary Work : He wrote his world famous book, ‘The History of the Loss of Vietnam* under the strong influence and advice of Cuong De. The book became a widely read bestseller in Vietnam and China. It was also made into a play. The book focused on two themes.
The loss of sovereignty and the severing ties with China.
(iii) His ideas regarding Freedom of Vietnam : He wanted to use monarchy in order to push French out of the country as he was of the opinion that the monarchy was still highly respected by wealthy landowners.
(iv) His Work in Japan : In 1905 he went to Japan to get the Japanese assistance for the independence of Vietnam. In Japan, he started the Go – East Movement with an aim to provide western education to the young Vietnamese.
(IV)Role of Phan Chu Trinh :
Phan Chu Trinh was also one of the greatest Vietnamese nationalists of the early 20th century.
(i) Against the French : He sought to end France's brutal occupation in Vietnam.
(ii) Western Culture : His ideas regarding the Western culture differed with Phan Boi Chau. He did not want a wholesale rejection of Western civilisation.
(iii) Hostile to monarchy : He was intensely hostile to the monarchy, and opposed to the idea of resisting the French with the help of the court. He was in favour of establishing a Democratic Republic.
(iv) Democratic ideals : Phan Chu Trinh was influenced by the democratic ideals of the West. He accepted the French revolutionary ideal of liberty but charged the French for not abiding by the ideals. He demanded that the French should set up legal and educational institutions and should develop agriculture and  industries.