According to Ernst Renan what are the attributes of a nation.
In a lecture delivered at the University of Sorbonne in 1882, the French philosopher Ernst Renan (1823-92) outlined his understanding of what makes a nation. The lecture was subsequently published as a famous essay entitled ‘Qu'est-ce qu'une nation?' (‘What is a Nation?').
In this essay Renan criticises the notion suggested by others that a nation is formed by a common language, race, religion, or territory: ‘A nation is the culmination of a long past of endeavours, sacrifice and devotion. A heroic past, great men, glory, that is the social capital upon which one bases a national idea. To have common glories in the past, to have a common will in the present, to have performed great deeds together, to wish to perform still more, these are the essential conditions of being a people. A nation is therefore a large-scale solidarity … Its existence is a daily plebiscite … A province is its inhabitants; if anyone has the right to be consulted, it is the inhabitant. A nation never has any real interest in annexing or holding on to a country against its will. The existence of nations is a good thing, a necessity even. Their existence is a guarantee of liberty, which would be lost if the world had only one law and only one master.'
The US media and films played a major role in both supporting as well as criti cising the Vietnam war/ Explain.
Under what circumstances Vietnam was divided into the north and south Vietnam ?
Or
Explain any four major challenges faced by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. [CBSE 2008, 2009(0), March 2012]
What was the development in China- which took place in 1911 and inspired the Vietnamese nationalists ?
Explain the role of women in the anti imperial struggle in Vietnam.
[CBSE March 2011]
Or
Evaluate the role of Vietnamese women during 1960s war period and after the war in peace time. [CBSE 2008, 2010 (F) 2014 (D) Compt.]
Or
Who wrote the play based on the lives of Trung sisters ? What was depicted in the play ? [CBSE 2014]
Why some policy makers of France to emphasised the need to use the French language as a medium of instruction in Vietnam ?
US entry into the war marked a new phase that proved costly to the Vietnamese as well as to the Americans.” Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Name any one party formed by the students of Vietnam to fight against the colonial government ?
Who was the founder of Vietnamese Communist Party? Under what circumstances was the Party formed ?
‘The measures taken by the French to control the spread of bubonic plague in Hanoi created a serious problem.” Explain the statement.
How was the idea of “looking modem” implemented in Tonkin Free School ? Explain. [CBSE 2012]
What was the role of religious groups in the development of the anti-colonial feeling in Vietnam? [CBSE March 2011]
Early Vietnamese nationalists had close relationship with Japan and China'. ^ Explain by giving examples.[CBSE 2013 (D)]
Or
Describe any five features of the Go East Movement'.
What were the major features of the new schools of Western learning introduced in Vietnam by the French ?
Or
Explain four features of the education being given in the Tonkin Free Schools which was started to provide the western style of education in Vietnam. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008]
How did students in Vietnam fight against the colonial government's efforts to prevent Vietnamese from qualifying for white collar jobs' ? Explain. [CBSE 2014(0)]
Mention any two steps which were taken by the French to improve economic condition of Vietnam.
Why most of the Vietnamese intellectuals were against the introduction of French curriculam in the schools ?
What was the ‘civilizing mission' of the colonisers ? Mention any two steps taken by the French under this. What was the real motive behind this mission ?
What were the values which played an important role in the victory of Vietnamese over the mighty USA ?
Explain the following –
(a) Only one-third of the students in Vietnam would pass the school-leaving examinations.
(b) The French began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta.
(c) The government made the Saigon Native Girls School take back the students it had expelled. [CBSE 2014(D)]
Or
Why did a major protest erupt in 1926 in the Saigon Native Girls School in Vietnam ? Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Or
Describe the incident that took place in 1926 in Saigon Native Girls School.
[CBSE 2014]
(d) Rats were most common in the modern, newly built areas of Hanoi.
How did the textbooks represent Vietnamese during the period of French colonization ? Explain. [CBSE 2014]
To counter the Chinese influence what steps did the French take in the sphere of education ? What were the two broad opinions on this question ? [CBSE 2012]
What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed?
What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him?