According to Ernst Renan what are the attributes of a nation.
In a lecture delivered at the University of Sorbonne in 1882, the French philosopher Ernst Renan (1823-92) outlined his understanding of what makes a nation. The lecture was subsequently published as a famous essay entitled ‘Qu'est-ce qu'une nation?' (‘What is a Nation?').
In this essay Renan criticises the notion suggested by others that a nation is formed by a common language, race, religion, or territory: ‘A nation is the culmination of a long past of endeavours, sacrifice and devotion. A heroic past, great men, glory, that is the social capital upon which one bases a national idea. To have common glories in the past, to have a common will in the present, to have performed great deeds together, to wish to perform still more, these are the essential conditions of being a people. A nation is therefore a large-scale solidarity … Its existence is a daily plebiscite … A province is its inhabitants; if anyone has the right to be consulted, it is the inhabitant. A nation never has any real interest in annexing or holding on to a country against its will. The existence of nations is a good thing, a necessity even. Their existence is a guarantee of liberty, which would be lost if the world had only one law and only one master.'
What was the role of religious groups in the development of the anti-colonial feeling in Vietnam? [CBSE March 2011]
Mention any two steps which were taken by the French government to improve transportation in Vietnam.
Describe any three steps taken by the French to develop agriculture in Vietnam. [CBSE March 2012 (O), 2013 (D)]
Or
Describe any five steps taken by the French for the development of the ‘Mekong Delta Region’. [CBSE 2015 (O)]
Or
What did France do to increase cultivation in Vietnam ? How did it affect the rice cultivation by 1931 ? [CBSE 2014]
Or
Describe the major steps taken by the French to develop agriculture in Vietnam.
Write a note on
(a) What was meant by the ‘civilizing mission' of the colonisers ?
(b) Huynh Phu So.
Mention any two proposals suggested by Bernard to improve the economic condition of Vietnam.
Name any one party formed by the students of Vietnam to fight against the colonial government ?
Name the Vietnamian nationalist who wanted to establish a Democratic Republic in Vietnam ?
There were two broad opinions on the new education policy introduced by the French in Vietnam'. Discuss. [CBSE March 2011]
Or
Explain the two opinions on the question of the use of the French language as the medium of instruction in the French i schools established for the Vietnamese in Vietnam. [CBSE 2010 (D)]
Or
Why did some French policy makers in Vietnam emphasis the need to use the French language as the medium of instruction ? [CBSE 2015]
What were the major features of the new schools of Western learning introduced in Vietnam by the French ?
Or
Explain four features of the education being given in the Tonkin Free Schools which was started to provide the western style of education in Vietnam. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008]
Education was used as a mode by the French to strengthen their rule in Vietnam whereas it was used as a weapon by the Vietnamese to fight against the colonalism'. Explain.
Or
How did the French seek to strengthen their rule in Vietnam through the control of education ? [CBSE 2014]
How did the textbooks represent Vietnamese during the period of French colonization ? Explain. [CBSE 2014]
How was the idea of “looking modem” implemented in Tonkin Free School ? Explain. [CBSE 2012]
Explain what is meant by the 1848 revolution of the liberals. What were the political, social and economic ideas supported by the liberals?
US entry into the war marked a new phase that proved costly to the Vietnamese as well as to the Americans.” Explain. [CBSE 2014]
What was the result of Geneva peace negotiation which took place after the defeat of the French forces in Vietnam ?
How has Vietnam become the third largest exporter of rice in the world during French colonialisation ? Explain four causes. [CBSE Comp. (D) 2008]
What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
How was education used as a weapon by the Vietnamese to fight against the colonialism ? Explain.
Under what circumstances Vietnam was divided into the north and south Vietnam ?
Or
Explain any four major challenges faced by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. [CBSE 2008, 2009(0), March 2012]
Explain the causes of the US involvement in the war in Vietnam. What effect did this involvement have on life within US itself ? [CBSE March 2011 ]
Or
“The war grew out of a fear among US policy planners that the victory of the Ho Chi Minh Government would start a domino effect.” Support the statement explaining three reasons. [CBSE 2012]
Explain the steps taken by the French in the field of education in Vietnam. What was their motive behind this ? [CBSE March 2011]
The French thought colonialisation necessary'. Give reasons.
Or
Why did the French think that colonies were necessary ? Explain. [CBSE 2012]