Why Solids, Liquids and Gases Have Different Properties
We will now try to explain why solids, liquids and gases have different properties by using the kinetic theory of matter. This is discussed below.
Matter in all the three states, solid, liquid and gas, is made up of very small particles (atoms and molecules). According to the kinetic theory of matter, the particles of matter are in continuous motion (and possess kinetic energy). Some forces of attraction also exist between the particles of matter. These are called interparticle forces. The forces of attraction tend to hold the particles together and control movements. The interparticle forces of attraction are the maximum when the particles are close together.As the distances (or spaces) between the particles of matter increase, the forces of attraction between them decrease. The movement of particles (or kinetic energy of particles) can be changed by heating the matter(or cooling it). Higher the temperature, greater is the movement of particles. We can now say that the following properties of particles determine the physical state of matter. That is, the following properties of particles decide whether a given substance will exist as a solid, a liquid or a gas :
1.The spaces (or distances) between the particles. The spaces (or distances) between the particles are the minimum in solids, a little more in liquids, and the maximum in gases.
2. The force of attraction between particles. The forces of attraction between the particles (or interparticle forces) are the strongest in solids, less strong in liquids and negligible in gases.
3.The amount of movement of particles. (or kinetic energy of particles). The movement of particles (or kinetic energy of particles) is the minimum in solids, more in liquids and the maximum in gases.Keeping these points in mind, we will now describe the structure of solids, liquids and gases, and explain the differences in their properties on the basis of these structures.
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3. 2. Liquid to Gas Change : Boiling (or Vaporisation)
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4. 2. Latent Heat of Vaporisation (Liquid to Gas Change)
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5. Effect of 'Heating' and 'Cooling' on a Saturated Solution
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6. Classification Of Matter As Solids, Liquids And Gases
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10. Why Solids, Liquids and Gases Have Different Properties
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13. 2. The Particles of Matter have Spaces Between Them
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15. 1. Solid to Liquid Change : Melting
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16. 3. Gas to Liquid Change : Condensation
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20. 1. Latent Heat of Fusion (Solid to Liquid Change)
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24. 1. The Particles of Matter are Very, Very Small
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26. 4. The Particles of Matter Attract Each Other
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28. 3. The Particles of Matter are Constantly Moving
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29. Characteristics of Particles of Matter
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30. 4. Liquid to Solid Change : Freezing
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31. Two More States of Matter : Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate
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38. The Common Unit Of Temperature and Si Unit Of Temperatre
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39. To Show That Solids and Liquids Cannot be Compressed but Gases Can be Compressed Easily
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44. To Show that Liquids do not have a Fixed Shape but they have a Fixed Volume
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45. To Show the Presence of Water Vapour in Air
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49. Gases Can be Liquefied by Applying Pressure and Lowering Temperature
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50. To Show that Gases do not have a Fixed Shape or a Fixed Volume
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