Change of State of matter
Matter can exist in three physical states : solid state, liquid state and gaseous state (or vapour state).For example, water exists as a solid in the form of ice ; as a liquid in the form of water; and as a gas in the form of steam (or water vapour). Water comes as ice out of the freezer of a refrigerator, as water out of a tap, and as steam (or water vapour) out of a kettle of boiling water.
We can change the physical state of matter in two ways :
1.By changing the temperature, and
2.By changing the pressure.
When we say that we can change the state of matter by changing the temperature, we mean that the state of matter can be changed by heating it or cooling it. And when we say that we can change the state of matter by changing the pressure, we mean that the state of matter can be changed by increasing the pressure on it (compressing it), or by decreasing the pressure on it.
The spaces between the particles, the force of attraction between the particles and the amount of movement (or kinetic energy) of particles can be changed by changing the pressure and (or) temperature of a substance. So, depending on the pressure and temperature, etc., the same substance can exist in all the three physical states : solid, liquid and gas. For example, under normal pressure, water exists as a solid in the form of ice at a temperature of 0°C or below. It exists as a liquid in the form of water at room temperature,and as a gas in the form of steam at a temperature of 100°C or above. From this discussion we conclude that the two factors which decide whether a given substance would be in a solid, liquid or gaseous state are : temperature and pressure. We will now discuss the effect of change of temperature and the effect of change of pressure on the physical state of matter in detail, one by one.
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3. 2. Liquid to Gas Change : Boiling (or Vaporisation)
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4. 2. Latent Heat of Vaporisation (Liquid to Gas Change)
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5. Effect of 'Heating' and 'Cooling' on a Saturated Solution
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6. Classification Of Matter As Solids, Liquids And Gases
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9. Why Solids, Liquids and Gases Have Different Properties
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13. 2. The Particles of Matter have Spaces Between Them
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15. 1. Solid to Liquid Change : Melting
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16. 3. Gas to Liquid Change : Condensation
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20. 1. Latent Heat of Fusion (Solid to Liquid Change)
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24. 1. The Particles of Matter are Very, Very Small
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26. 4. The Particles of Matter Attract Each Other
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28. 3. The Particles of Matter are Constantly Moving
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29. Characteristics of Particles of Matter
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30. 4. Liquid to Solid Change : Freezing
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31. Two More States of Matter : Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate
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38. The Common Unit Of Temperature and Si Unit Of Temperatre
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39. To Show That Solids and Liquids Cannot be Compressed but Gases Can be Compressed Easily
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44. To Show that Liquids do not have a Fixed Shape but they have a Fixed Volume
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45. To Show the Presence of Water Vapour in Air
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49. Gases Can be Liquefied by Applying Pressure and Lowering Temperature
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50. To Show that Gases do not have a Fixed Shape or a Fixed Volume
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