Physics

Sound


Matter In Our Surroundings


Anything which occupies space and has mass is called matter. Air and water; hydrogen and oxygen ; sugar and sand ; silver and steel; copper and coal; iron and wood ; ice and alcohol; milk and oil; kerosene and petrol; carbon dioxide and steam ;carbon and sulphur; rocks and minerals; are all different kinds of matter, because all of them occupy space (that is, they have volume), and mass.
If we look around us, we can see a large number of things of different shapes, sizes and textures. Many of these things are used by us in our everyday life. For example, we eat food, drink water, breathe in air and wear clothes. We use table and chair for studying and bed for sleeping. We also see other human beings, various animals, plants, and trees around us. The things like food, water, air, clothes, table, chair,human beings, animals, plants and trees, etc., are all examples of matter.
The only conditions for 'something' to be 'matter' are that it should 'occupy space' and 'have mass'. Now,the things like friendship, love,affection, hatred, good manners, thoughts, ideas, taste and smell, etc.,do not occupy space and do not have mass. So, from the point of view of chemistry, things like friendship,love, affection, hatred, good manners, thoughts, ideas, taste and smell are not considered 'matter' (though all these things matter a lot in our everyday life !).
Matter can be classified in a number of ways. Ancient Indian philosophers said that all the matter(padarth), living or non-living, was made up of five basic elements (panch tatva) : air, earth, fire, sky and water (vayu, prithvi, agtti, akash and jal). Modem day scientists classify matter in two ways : on the basis of its physical properties and on the basis of its chemical properties. On the basis of physical properties,matter is classified as solids, liquids and gases. And on the basis of chemical properties, matter is classified as elements, compounds and mixtures. In this chapter, we will study the classification of matter on the basis of its physical properties. The classification of matter on the basis of its chemical properties will be described in the next chapter.

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Notes


Sound - Notes
1. 3. Humidity of Air
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2. 2. Liquid to Gas Change : Boiling (or Vaporisation)
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3. 4. Wind Speed
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4. Effect of 'Heating' and 'Cooling' on a Saturated Solution
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5. 2. Latent Heat of Vaporisation (Liquid to Gas Change)
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6. 2. Surface Area of the Liquid
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7. Classification Of Matter As Solids, Liquids And Gases
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8. Matter is made of particles
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9. Properties of Liquids
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10. Why Solids, Liquids and Gases Have Different Properties
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11. 2. The Particles of Matter have Spaces Between Them
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12. Liquids
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13. Properties of Solids
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14. Sound - Study Points
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15. 1. Solid to Liquid Change : Melting
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16. 3. Gas to Liquid Change : Condensation
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17. Evaporation
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18. 1. Latent Heat of Fusion (Solid to Liquid Change)
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19. 1. Temperature
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20. Diffusion in Liquids
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21. Effect of Change of Temperture
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22. Latent heat
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23. 1. The Particles of Matter are Very, Very Small
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24. Gases
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25. 4. The Particles of Matter Attract Each Other
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26. Change of State of matter
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27. Effect of Change pressure
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28. 3. The Particles of Matter are Constantly Moving
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29. Characteristics of Particles of Matter
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30. 4. Liquid to Solid Change : Freezing
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31. Two More States of Matter : Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate
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32. Factors Affecting Evaporation
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33. Diffusion
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34. Cooling Caused by Evaporation
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35. Solids
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36. Dissolving a Solid in a Liquid
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37. Matter In Our Surroundings
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38. The Common Unit Of Temperature and Si Unit Of Temperatre
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39. Mixing of Two Gases
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40. To Show That Solids and Liquids Cannot be Compressed but Gases Can be Compressed Easily
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41. Evidence for Particles in Matter
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42. Sublimation
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43. Rigid and Fluid
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44. To Show that Liquids do not have a Fixed Shape but they have a Fixed Volume
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45. To Show the Presence of Water Vapour in Air
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46. Movement of Pollen Grains in Water
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47. Diffusion in Solids
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48. Gases Can be Liquefied by Applying Pressure and Lowering Temperature
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49. Diffusion in Gases
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50. To Show that Gases do not have a Fixed Shape or a Fixed Volume
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