Two More States of Matter : Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate
Scientists now say that there are actually five states of matter : Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate.
Plasma is a mixture of free electrons and ions. Plasma is considered the fourth state of matter. Plasma occurs naturally in the stars (including the sun). Inside the stars,the temperature is so high that the atoms break up. Some of the electrons break away from the atoms converting the rest of atoms into electrically charged particles called ions. This mixture of free electrons and ions in a star is called plasma.The sun and other stars glow because of the presence of plasma in them.
Plasma can also be made on the earth by passing electricity through gases at very low pressures taken in a glass tube (called discharge tube). The fluorescent tubes and neon sign bulbs form plasma when they are switched on. A fluorescent tube may contain helium gas (or some other gas), and a neon sign bulb contains neon gas. When electricity is passed through a fluorescent tube (or neon sign bulb), the gases present in them get ionised to form plasma. This plasma makes a fluorescent tube (or neon sign bulb) to glow.
In 1920, an Indian scientist Satyendra Nath Bose did some calculations for the fifth state of matter. On the basis of these calculations, Albert Einstein predicted the existence of a new state of matter called Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC). The fifth state of matter called Bose-Einstein Condensate was finally achieved by three scientists, Cornell, Ketterle and Wieman of USA by cooling a gas of extremely low density (about one hundred thousandth the density of normal air) to super low temperatures. We are now in a position to answer the following questions :
Notes
Sound - Notes
3. 2. Liquid to Gas Change : Boiling (or Vaporisation)
Show Notes
4. 2. Latent Heat of Vaporisation (Liquid to Gas Change)
Show Notes
5. Effect of 'Heating' and 'Cooling' on a Saturated Solution
Show Notes
6. Classification Of Matter As Solids, Liquids And Gases
Show Notes
9. Why Solids, Liquids and Gases Have Different Properties
Show Notes
12. 2. The Particles of Matter have Spaces Between Them
Show Notes
15. 1. Solid to Liquid Change : Melting
Show Notes
16. 3. Gas to Liquid Change : Condensation
Show Notes
20. 1. Latent Heat of Fusion (Solid to Liquid Change)
Show Notes
24. 1. The Particles of Matter are Very, Very Small
Show Notes
26. 4. The Particles of Matter Attract Each Other
Show Notes
28. 3. The Particles of Matter are Constantly Moving
Show Notes
29. Characteristics of Particles of Matter
Show Notes
30. 4. Liquid to Solid Change : Freezing
Show Notes
31. Two More States of Matter : Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate
Show Notes
38. The Common Unit Of Temperature and Si Unit Of Temperatre
Show Notes
39. To Show That Solids and Liquids Cannot be Compressed but Gases Can be Compressed Easily
Show Notes
44. To Show that Liquids do not have a Fixed Shape but they have a Fixed Volume
Show Notes
45. To Show the Presence of Water Vapour in Air
Show Notes
49. Gases Can be Liquefied by Applying Pressure and Lowering Temperature
Show Notes
50. To Show that Gases do not have a Fixed Shape or a Fixed Volume
Show Notes
