1. Separation by Fractional Distillation
Fractional distillation is the process of separating two (or more) miscible liquids by distillation,the distillate being collected in fractions boiling at different temperatures. A mixture of two miscible liquids can be separated by the process of fractional distillation. The separation of two liquids by fractional distillation depends on the difference in their boiling points. Fractional distillation is carried out by using a fractionating column.
A simple fractionating column is a long vertical glass tube filled with glass beads (see Figure 81). The glass beads provide a large surface area for hot vapours to cool and condense repeatedly. In most simple terms, a fractionating column can be regarded as an arrangement for providing different temperature zones inside it (during distillation), the highest temperature being at the bottom of the column and the lowest temperature near its top. The fractionating column is fitted in the neck of the distillation flask containing the mixture of liquids to be separated. We will now take one example to understand how a mixture of miscible liquids is separated by fractional distillation.
Notes
Matter in Our Surroundings - Notes
1. The Case of a Liquid Solute Dissolved in a Liquid Solvent
Show Notes
2. 11. Metals Usually Have a Silver or Grey Colour
Show Notes
8. 7. Non-Metals may be Solid, Liquid or Gases at the Room Temperature.
Show Notes
10. 6. Metals are Usually Strong. They Have High Tensile Strength.
Show Notes
12. 3. Non-Metals are Bad Conductors of Heat and Electricity.
Show Notes
15. Chemical Formula for daily use material
Show Notes
21. To Study the Properties of a Compound of Iron and Sulphur
Show Notes
29. 4. Metals are Lustrous (or Shiny), and can be Polished.
Show Notes
30. To Study the Properties of a Solution
Show Notes
31. To Study the Properties of a Suspension
Show Notes
33. To Separate a Mixture of Alcohol and Water
Show Notes
35. 7. Metals are Solids at the Room Temperature
Show Notes
36. Experiment to Obtain Coloured Component (Dye) From Ink
Show Notes
43. Separation of Mixture Of Two Solids
Show Notes
45. 6. Non-Metals are Not Strong. They Have Low Tensile Strength.
Show Notes
49. To Study the Properties of a Mixture of Iron and Sulphur
Show Notes
50. Solutions, Suspensions And Colloids
Show Notes
