1. Separation by Fractional Distillation
Fractional distillation is the process of separating two (or more) miscible liquids by distillation,the distillate being collected in fractions boiling at different temperatures. A mixture of two miscible liquids can be separated by the process of fractional distillation. The separation of two liquids by fractional distillation depends on the difference in their boiling points. Fractional distillation is carried out by using a fractionating column.
A simple fractionating column is a long vertical glass tube filled with glass beads (see Figure 81). The glass beads provide a large surface area for hot vapours to cool and condense repeatedly. In most simple terms, a fractionating column can be regarded as an arrangement for providing different temperature zones inside it (during distillation), the highest temperature being at the bottom of the column and the lowest temperature near its top. The fractionating column is fitted in the neck of the distillation flask containing the mixture of liquids to be separated. We will now take one example to understand how a mixture of miscible liquids is separated by fractional distillation.
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Matter in Our Surroundings - Notes
2. 7. Metals are Solids at the Room Temperature
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5. 3. Non-Metals are Bad Conductors of Heat and Electricity.
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8. 11. Non-Metals Have Many Different Colours.
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9. 7. Non-Metals may be Solid, Liquid or Gases at the Room Temperature.
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15. 8. Metals Generally Have High Melting Points and Boiling Points.
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19. 8. Non-Metals Have Comparatively Low Melting Points and Boiling Points
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23. 1. Non-Metals are Not Malleable. Non-Metals are Brittle.
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24. To Study the Properties of a Suspension
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25. Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Solubility
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26. Chemical Formula for daily use material
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27. Pure Substances : Elements and Compounds
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32. 1. Separation by a Suitable Solvent
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33. Solutions, Suspensions And Colloids
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37. 4. Non-Metals are Not Lustrous (Not Shiny). They are Dull in Appearance.
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40. 3. Metals are Good Conductors of Heat and Electricity.
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46. Separation Of Mixture Of a Solid And a Liquids
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47. To Separate the Salt-Water Mixture (or Salt-Solution)
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48. Comparison Among the Properties of Metals and Non-Metals
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50. Differences Between Mixtures and Compounds
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