Question:
What are infectious agents? What are the different infectious agents?
Answer:
The microorganisms which spread the disease from one person to other are called infectious agents. Different infectious or causative agents or pathogens are:
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Protozoans
- Worms
Why Do We Fall Ill?
Q 1.
Name the diseases that can spread through housefly.
Q 2.
Name the target organs for the following diseases :
(a) Hepatitis targets…………
(b) Fits or unconsciousness targets…………
(c) Pneumonia targets…………
(d) Fungal disease targets…………
Q 3.
Common cold spreads faster and is difficult to control. Give reason. [SAII -2014]
Q 4.
Are the answers to the above questions (Q2 and Q5) and necessarily the same or different? Why?
Q 5.
Name any two diseases which are caused due to unprotected sexual intercourse.
Q 6.
A baby is not able to tell her / his caretakers that she / he is sick. What would help us to find out:
(a) that the baby is sick ?
(b) what is the sickness ?
Q 7.
Name the protozoan pathogen that causes kala-azar.
Q 8.
What is an antibiotic ? Give two examples.
Q 9.
(a) What is immunisation ?
(b) Define immunity and vaccination.
(c) Define vaccine. .
(d) What type of diseases can be prevented through vaccination ? [SAII -2013]
Q 10.
(i) How do you define 'disease'? (ii) State and explain in brief the four major factors, which are the causes of disease.
Q 11.
Name the pathogen causes peptic ulcer.
Q 12.
Define antibiotic? Explain how it is able to control bacterial infections but not viral infections.
Q 13.
What are the different means by which infectious diseases are spread?
Q 15.
What are the basic principles involved in medical treatment for diseases?
Q 16.
(i) Which bacterium causes peptic ulcers ?
(ii) Who discovered the above pathogen for the first time ?
Q 17.
What is an antibiotic ? Give its one example.
Q 18.
(i) What are the various ways to prevent the diseases ?
(ii) What is immunisation ?
Q 19.
Classify the following diseases as infectious or non-infectious :
(a) AIDS (b) Tuberculosis
(c) Cholera (d) High blood pressure
(e) Heart disease (f) Pneumonia
(g) Cancer
Q 20.
What do you mean by disease symptoms ? Explain giving two examples.
Q 21.
Why is immune system essential for our health ?
Q 22.
Why are antibiotics not effective for viral disease ?
Q 23.
What is a balanced diet?
Q 24.
What are congenital diseases? Give two examples of such disease.
Q 25.
What are acquired diseases?
Q 26.
What are infectious agents? What are the different infectious agents?
Q 27.
What are Koch's Postulates?
Q 28.
List the diseases caused by worms?
Q 29.
What is the scientific name of roundworm? Where do we find it commonly in the human body? Name the disease caused by it.
Q 30.
Why taking an antibiotic is not effective in the common cold?
Q 31.
What are the immunisation programmes available at the nearest health centre in your locality? Which of these diseases are the major health problems in your area?
Q 32.
Why are kids and elderly people more vulnerable to cold/flu?
Q 33.
Differentiate between allergy and autoimmune diseases.
Q 34.
Why are we advised to take blend and nourishing food when we are sick ?
Q 35.
Majority of children in many parts of India are already immune to Hepatitis A by the time they are five years old. Why ?
Q 36.
Give two examples for each of the following :
(a) Acute diseases
(b) Chronic diseases
(c) Infectious diseases
(d) Non-infectious diseases.
Q 37.
Name two diseases caused by Protozoans. What are their causal organisms ?
Q 38.
What do signs and symptoms indicate if a person is suffering from any disease ? [SAII -2014]
Q 39.
What is inflammation ? Write the symptoms of this in human body.
Q 40.
How many times did you fall ill in the last one year ? What were the illnesses ? (a) Think of one change you could make in your habits in order to avoid any/most of the above illnesses.
(b) Think of one change you would wish for in your surroundings in order to avoid any/most of the above illnesses.
Q 41.
Under which of the following conditions is a person most likely to fall sick ?
(a) When she is recovering from malaria.
(b) When she has recovered from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from
chickenpox.
(c) When she is on a four-day fast after recovering from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from chickenpox. Why ?
Q 42.
What do you mean by active and passive immunisation ? [SAll – 2015]
Q 43.
Who discovered ‘vaccine’ for the first time ? Name two diseases which can be prevented by using vaccines.
Q 44.
What is a disease ? How many types of diseases have you studied ? Give examples.
Q 45.
What precautions will you take to justify “prevention is better than cure” ?
Q 46.
Define Health? What do you interpret when we say a person is in good health?
Q 47.
A hefty boy of 12 years often picks fights with others. Do you think he is in good health? If so, then explain your answer.
Q 48.
In which of the following case do you think the long-term effects on your health are likely to be most unpleasant? a. if you get jaundice, b. if you get lice, c. if you get acne. Why?
Q 49.
Give examples of Acute diseases.
Q 50.
Write few common signs and symptoms of a disease if a brain is affected.
