Question:
Define antibiotic? Explain how it is able to control bacterial infections but not viral infections.
Answer:
Antibiotics (anti means against, biotic - living) are types of medications that destroy or slow the growth of bacteria. They are often termed as antibacterials. They work against the life processes of bacteria. They commonly block biochemical pathways important for bacteria. Many bacteria, for example, make a cell-wall to protect themselves. The antibiotic penicillin blocks the bacterial processes that build the cell wall. Thus bacteria fail to build their cell-wall, stop multiplying and die out. Human cells don’t make a cell-wall anyway so penicillin cannot have such an effect on us.
Why Do We Fall Ill?
Q 1.
What do you mean by immune response ? , [SAII – 2014]
Q 2.
Name the pathogen causes peptic ulcer.
Q 3.
What are the different means by which infectious diseases are spread?
Q 5.
A baby is not able to tell her / his caretakers that she / he is sick. What would help us to find out:
(a) that the baby is sick ?
(b) what is the sickness ?
Q 6.
Are the answers to the above questions (Q2 and Q5) and necessarily the same or different? Why?
Q 7.
Name the target organs for the following diseases :
(a) Hepatitis targets…………
(b) Fits or unconsciousness targets…………
(c) Pneumonia targets…………
(d) Fungal disease targets…………
Q 8.
Name the diseases that can spread through housefly.
Q 9.
Write three differences between Personal Health and Community Health.
Q 10.
(a) What is immunisation ?
(b) Define immunity and vaccination.
(c) Define vaccine. .
(d) What type of diseases can be prevented through vaccination ? [SAII -2013]
Q 11.
What are infectious agents? What are the different infectious agents?
Q 12.
What is an antibiotic ? Give its one example.
Q 13.
What do you mean by active and passive immunisation ? [SAll – 2015]
Q 14.
(i) How do you define 'disease'? (ii) State and explain in brief the four major factors, which are the causes of disease.
Q 15.
What is '
germ theory of disease'? Who proposed it?
Q 16.
Give three examples of bacterial diseases.
Q 17.
Why taking an antibiotic is not effective in the common cold?
Q 18.
Name the vector that can cause sleeping sickness.
Q 19.
Name any two groups of microorganisms from which antibiotics could be extracted.
Q 20.
(i) What are the various ways to prevent the diseases ?
(ii) What is immunisation ?
Q 21.
Classify the following diseases as infectious or non-infectious :
(a) AIDS (b) Tuberculosis
(c) Cholera (d) High blood pressure
(e) Heart disease (f) Pneumonia
(g) Cancer
Q 22.
What is a disease ? How many types of diseases have you studied ? Give examples.
Q 23.
Why are antibiotics not effective for viral disease ?
Q 24.
Give four examples of Chronic diseases.
Q 25.
Name the protozoan pathogen that causes kala-azar.
Q 26.
A doctor/nurse/health-worker is exposed to more sick people than others in the community. Find out how she/he avoids getting sick herself/himself.
Q 27.
What are antibodies?
Q 28.
(a) What are epidemic and endemic diseases? (b) Which organ is affected if a person is suffering from jaundice?
Q 29.
Majority of children in many parts of India are already immune to Hepatitis A by the time they are five years old. Why ?
Q 30.
Name any two diseases which are caused due to unprotected sexual intercourse.
Q 31.
In which of the following case do you think the long-term effects on your health are likely to be most unpleasant ?
- if you get jaundice ?
- if you get lice ?
- if you get acne. Why ?
Q 32.
Becoming exposed to or infected with an infectious microbe (toes not necessarily mean developing noticeable disease. Explain.
Q 33.
Common cold spreads faster and is difficult to control. Give reason. [SAII -2014]
Q 34.
Is there any difference between 'being healthy' and 'disease free'?
Q 35.
List the diseases caused by worms?
Q 36.
How do antibiotics (say Penicillin) work on bacteria but not on human beings?
Q 37.
Give two examples of bacterial antibiotics.
Q 38.
Why are kids and elderly people more vulnerable to cold/flu?
Q 39.
Why do people staying in air-conditioned homes/offices catch cold more often?
Q 40.
Write differences between 'Being Healthy' and 'Disease Free'.
Q 41.
Differentiate between allergy and autoimmune diseases.
Q 42.
Why are we advised to take blend and nourishing food when we are sick ?
Q 43.
What is the purpose of vaccination ?
Q 44.
Give two examples for each of the following :
(a) Acute diseases
(b) Chronic diseases
(c) Infectious diseases
(d) Non-infectious diseases.
Q 45.
What is an antibiotic ? Give two examples.
Q 46.
What do signs and symptoms indicate if a person is suffering from any disease ? [SAII -2014]
Q 47.
Under which of the following conditions are you most likely to fall sick ?
(a) when you are taking examinations.
(b) when you have travelled by bus and train for two days.
(c) when your friend is suffering from measles. Why ?
Q 48.
The signs and symptoms of a disease will depend on the tissue or organ which the microbe targets Justify the statement with two examples. [SAll – 2014]
Q 49.
What is inflammation ? Write the symptoms of this in human body.
Q 50.
List any three reasons why you would think that you are sick and ought to see a doctor. If only one of these symptoms were present, would you still go to the doctor ? Why or why not ?
