Question:
Discuss those developments of the 1937-47 period that led to the creation of Pakistan
Answer:
In 1937 the government announced elections to the provincial legislatures. The Congress was victorious in 7 out of 11 provinces and formed governments in the 7 provinces. A new phase of civil disobedience movement was started by Gandhiji. The Quit India was initiated. The British did their best to suppress the movement. Finally the British began accepting the demand forfreedom by the Indians.
In 1940 the Muslim League passed a resolution demanding Independent States for Muslims in the north-western and eastern areas of the country.
The Muslims feared that they may be suppressed by the Hindus as the Hindus were a majority in India. A social divide was created between the Hindus and the Muslims increased as the Congress failed to mobilise the Muslim masses At the end of the Second World War in 1945. the British opened talks with the Congress, the League for the independence of India. The talks failed because the League saw itself as the sole spokesperson of Indias Muslims. The Congress could not accept this claim since a large number of Muslims still supported it.
In 1946 elections to the provinces were held. The divide between the congress and the Muslim League became more evident after the elections. The Congress did well intheGenerar constituencies, at the same time the Muslim League succeeded in areas where seats were reserved for Muslims. The League persisted with its demand for Pakistan.
In March 1946 the British cabinet sent a three-member mission to Delhi to examine the best suited
political framework for a free India. It was suggested that India should remain united with some autonomy for Muslim-majority areas. The Congress and the Muslim League were unable to come to a
consensus and partition became inevitable.
After the failure of the Cabinet Mission, the Muslim League decided on mass agitation for an independent state of Pakistan.
It announced 16 August 1946 as Direct Action Day. Riots broke out in Calcutta which lasted for many days. Thousands of people died in these riots.
By March 1947 violence spread to different parts of northern India. Many hundred thousand people were killed and numerous women had to face atrocities. Millions of people were forced to flee their homes. The state of Pakistan was born. The partition brought untold misery to millions of Indians.
Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation
Q 1.
What were the changes that could be seen as women became actively involved in reforms?
Q 2.
Write a brief not on abolition of untouchability and Reservation Policy.
Q 3.
Describe European artists style.
Q 4.
How did the knowledge of ancient texts help the reformers promote new laws?
Q 5.
What are miniature paintings?
Q 6.
State the recommendations of the Wood’s Despatch.
Q 7.
Write about Raja Rammohun Roy and his reforms
Q 8.
What was thecalico Act ?
Q 9.
Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence.
Q 10.
Why did Phule dedicate his book Gulamgiritothe American movement to free slaves?
Q 11.
What did Ambedkar want to achieve through the temple entry movement?
Q 12.
What made Gandhiji call off the non-cooperation movement?
Q 13.
What are 3 lists of subjects that the constitution has provided to balance the different views on power sharing between the centre and the state?
Q 14.
What was the plight of Indian women 200 years ago?
Q 15.
What were the new Governments priorities?
Q 16.
What were the problems that faced the new government after independence?
Q 17.
Why did the scroll painters and potters come to Kalighat? Why did they begin to paint new themes?
Q 19.
How was the right to vote in adopted in the UK and the US?
Q 20.
What were company Paintings?
Q 21.
How was the ecoromic development of India visualised in the earty decades after Independence?
Q 22.
Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?
Q 23.
Point out which of the following were brought in with British art:
(a) oil painting
(b) miniatures
(c) life-size portrait painting
(d) use of perspective
(e) mural art
Q 24.
Name some weaver’s community in India.
Q 25.
What were the different reasons people had for not sending girts to school?
Q 26.
What were Tagore’s ideas on education?
Q 27.
What was the llbert Bill?
Q 29.
What were the reasons for the awareness among women?
Q 30.
How did the development of cotton industries in Britain affect textile producers in India?
Q 31.
What were the advantages that Indian weavers had?
Q 32.
Why can we think of Raja Ravi Varmas paintings as national?
Q 33.
In what way did the British history paintings in India reflect the attitudes of imperial conquerors?
Q 34.
Discuss those developments of the 1937-47 period that led to the creation of Pakistan
Q 35.
What was Thomas Babington Macaulay instrumental for?
Q 36.
How was the politics of the Radicals within the Congress different from that of the Moderates?
Q 37.
How did Jyotirao the reformers justify their criticism of caste inequality in society?
Q 38.
After Independence, why was there a reluctance to divide the country on linguistic lines?
Q 39.
Describe the paintings done by Robert Ker Porter on the battle of Seringa patam.
Q 40.
How do the names of different textiles tell us about their histories?
Q 41.
Mention the caste system that was prevalent in those days in India.
Q 42.
Why did some artists produce cheap popular prints? What influence would such prints have had on the minds of people who looked at them?
Q 43.
What problems did the Indian textile industry face in the early years of its development?
Q 44.
What brought the moderates and radicals together?
Q 45.
Describe the Rowlatt Satyagraha.
Q 46.
Why did the wool and silk producers in England protest against the import of Indian textiles in the early eighteenth century?
Q 47.
Why do you think some artists wanted to develop a national sty le of art?
Q 48.
Write a brief note on Kalighat paintings.
Q 49.
Who are the Agaria?
Q 50.
Who was Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar?
