Question:
Why did the Indian iron smelting industry decline in the nineteenth century?
Answer:
Iron smelting furnaces were most often built of clay and sun-dried bricks.The smelting was done by men while women worked the bellows, pumping air that kept the charcoal burning. When the colonial government prevented people from entering the reserved forests, the iron smelters could not find wood for charcoal to light the furnace. Neither could they get iron ore.
Many iron smelters had to give up their craft and looked for other means of livelihood. By the late nineteenth century iron and steel was being imported from Britain. Ironsmiths in India began using the imported iron to manufacture utensils and implements. This lowered the demand for iron produced by local iron smelters.
Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation
Q 1.
State the recommendations of the Wood’s Despatch.
Q 2.
What were the changes that could be seen as women became actively involved in reforms?
Q 3.
Describe European artists style.
Q 4.
Describe in your own words one painting from this chapter which suggests that the British were more powerful than Indians. How does the artist depict this?
Q 5.
How did the knowledge of ancient texts help the reformers promote new laws?
Q 6.
Were the weavers given any importance during the national movement?
Q 7.
What were the advantages that Indian weavers had?
Q 8.
In what way did the British history paintings in India reflect the attitudes of imperial conquerors?
Q 9.
Name some varieties of cloth that were produced in India during the 18th century.
Q 10.
Write about Raja Rammohun Roy and his reforms
Q 11.
Who are the Agaria?
Q 12.
Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law?
Q 13.
Name some weaver’s community in India.
Q 14.
How was the right to vote in adopted in the UK and the US?
Q 15.
Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?
Q 16.
What helped TISCO expand steel production during the First World War?
Q 17.
Why do you think some artists wanted to develop a national sty le of art?
Q 18.
Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence.
Q 19.
What were company Paintings?
Q 20.
Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s?
Q 21.
Name three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced.
Q 22.
Why were Christian missionaries attacked by many people in the country? Would some people have supported them too? If so. for what reasons?
Q 23.
What made Gandhiji call off the non-cooperation movement?
Q 24.
What was the role of the Plannirg Commission?
Q 25.
What were the new Governments priorities?
Q 26.
Write a brief not on abolition of untouchability and Reservation Policy.
Q 27.
Discuss the various forms that the Non-Cooperation Movement took in
different parts of India. How did the people understand Gandhiji?
Q 28.
How was the ecoromic development of India visualised in the earty decades after Independence?
Q 29.
What are 3 lists of subjects that the constitution has provided to balance the different views on power sharing between the centre and the state?
Q 30.
What was the outcome of the Wood’s despatch?
Q 31.
Why can we think of Raja Ravi Varmas paintings as national?
Q 32.
Write a brief note on the Constituent Assembly.
Q 33.
Mention the caste system that was prevalent in those days in India.
Q 34.
How do the names of different textiles tell us about their histories?
Q 35.
Why did Phule dedicate his book Gulamgiritothe American movement to free slaves?
Q 36.
What did Dr Ambedkar mean when he said that In politics we will have equality, and in social and economic life we will have inequality ?
Q 37.
What problems did the Indian textile industry face in the early years of its development?
Q 38.
What did Ambedkar want to achieve through the temple entry movement?
Q 39.
Why did some artists produce cheap popular prints? What influence would such prints have had on the minds of people who looked at them?
Q 40.
Describe the Rowlatt Satyagraha.
Q 41.
After Independence, why was there a reluctance to divide the country on linguistic lines?
Q 42.
How did the development of cotton industries in Britain affect textile producers in India?
Q 43.
Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European education was essential in India?
Q 44.
Why did the scroll painters and potters come to Kalighat? Why did they begin to paint new themes?
Q 45.
Write a brief note on Kalighat paintings.
Q 46.
What were the problems that faced the new government after independence?
Q 47.
Why did the Indian iron smelting industry decline in the nineteenth century?
Q 48.
What was thecalico Act ?
Q 49.
What is aspinning jenny?
Q 50.
What was Thomas Babington Macaulay instrumental for?
