History

The Age of Industrialisation

Question:

Explain any five causes of industrial revolution in England. [CBSE 2013.2014]

Answer:

(i) Growing International Market: In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, merchants from the towns in Europe began moving to the countryside, supplying money to peasants and artisans, persuading them to produce for an international market.
(ii) Increase in demand: With the expansion of world trade and the acquisition of colonies in different pans of the world, the demand for goods began growing. It was controlled by merchants and the goods were produced by a vast number of producers working within their family farms, not in factories.
(iii) Proto-industrial System: The expansion o: market and demand lead to proto-industrial growth which provided a base to Industrial Revolution.
(iv) New Inventions: A series of inventions in the eighteenth century increased the efficacy of each step of the production process (carding, twisting and spinning, and rolling’1 They enhanced the output per worker, enabling each worker to produce more, and they made possible the production or stronger threads and yarn. Then Richard Arkwright created the cotton mill.
(v) Availability of Capital : The vast amount of capital which England had accumulated out of profits of her growing trade enabled her to make large expenditure on machinery and buildings. This led to new technological developments.
(vi) Availability of Raw Material : The availability of coal and iron ores in large quantities greatly helped the growth of numerous industries in England.

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The Age of Industrialisation

Q 1.

Write a short note on the development of factories in India.
Or
Explain the growth of factories in India.

Q 2.

“By the 1860s Indian weavers failed to get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality”. Give reason.

Q 3.

"In Victorian Britain, the upper classes – the aristocrats and the bourgeoisie – preferred things produced by hand". Give reason.

Q 4.

Write a brief note on the East India company.

Q 5.

Give reasons why the handloom weavers in India survived the onslaught of the machine made textiles of Manchester ?  [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
How did small scale industries survive in India despite of Industrialisation ?  [CBSE 2013]

Q 6.

Why did the upper class people prefer to use hand products in the Victorian period ? Explain with examples.
Why in Victorian Britain, the upper classes preferred things produced by hand ? Give three reasons. (CBSE Sept. 2010)

Q 7.

What technological change helped in improving production of India industry during the 20th century ?

Q 8.

Explain the impact of industrialisation on
(a) Women
(b) Children
(c) Do you think child labour is still a major problem? Suggest any two ways to check child labour.

Q 9.

Name the ports which grew during the colonial period.

Q 10.

What were the benefits enjoyed by the villagers in the proto- industrial system.

Q 11.

What was the Swadeshi movement?

Q 12.

The process of industrialisation brought with it miseries for the newly emerged class of industrial workers.’ Explain.  [CBSE 2014]
Or
Explain the miserable conditions of industrial workers in Britain during the nineteenth century. [CBSE 2009 lP]
Or
How did the abundance of labour in the market affect the lives of the workers in Britain during the nineteenth century ? Explain with examples. [CBSE 2008 (O) Compt.]
Or
Describe the lifestyle of the British workers of the nineteenth century. [CBSE 2010 IO). 2014]
Or
Explain how the condition of the workers steadily declined in the early twentieth century Europe. [CBSE Sept. 2010. 2011]

Q 13.

Who were Gomasthas ? [CASE 2014]

Q 14.

When was the first cotton mill established in Bombay ?

Q 15.

Name any four major centres of cotton textile of India during the colonial period.

Q 16.

Name any four entrepreneurs of India who set factories during colonial period.

Q 17.

During the first world war years industrial production in India boomed. Give reason.

Q 18.

The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India.

Q 19.

What were the benefits enjoyed by the villagers in the proto- industrial system?

Q 20.

What was the impact of the First World War on the British industries ?

Q 21.

When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud."What was the message ?

Q 22.

Industrialisation brought a big change in social structure. Do you agree? Justify.

Q 23.

Discuss the plight of the Indian weavers with the advent of the East India company.

Q 24.

What is meant by proto-industrialisation ? How did it affect the rural peasants and artisans ? [CBSE 2012]
Or
How did the poor peasants and artisans benefit during the proto-industrialisation phase? [CBSE 2011]

Q 25.

Explain what is meant by proto industrialisation.

Q 26.

How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from the Indian weavers ?

Q 27.

What was the role of trade guilds ? Explain.

Q 28.

Who created the cotton mill ? How did it help in improving the production ?

Q 29.

Explain the major features of pre colonial trade and industries.

Q 30.

Name any two European Managing Agencies which controlled a large sector of the Indian industries. Describe any  three functions performed by such agencies. (CBSE 2013)

Q 31.

In the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries, the merchants from the towns in Europe began moving to the countryside.' Give reasons.
Or
Explain any three major problems faced by the new European merchants in setting up their industries in towns before the Industrial Revolution. [CBSE 2008 (D) Sept. 2012]
Or
What is meant by proto-industrialisation ? Why was it successful in the countryside in England in the 17th century ?  [CBSE Sept. 2008. 2011. 2012]
Or
Throw light on production during the proto-industrialisation phase in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries with an example. [CBSF. Sept. 2010]

Q 32.

Why did the network of export trade in textiles controlled by the Indian merchants break down by the 1750s ? Mention any two effects of such a breakdown ? [CBSE 2013]

Q 33.

By the first decade of the 20th century, a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialisation in India. Explain.  [CBSE 2008. Sept. 2013]

Q 34.

What is proto-industrialisation ?

Q 35.

What were guilds ?

Q 36.

Who invented the steam engine ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Q 37.

Name any three pre-colonial ports of India.

Q 38.

Why was the East India Company keen on expanding textile exports from India during 1760’s ?

Q 39.

”Before establishing political power in Bengal and Carnatic in the 1760 and 1770s, the East India Company had found it difficult to ensure a regular supply of goods for export. Give reasons.

Q 40.

Why there were clashes between weavers and gomasthas ?

Q 41.

Name the European Managing agencies which controlled the large sector of Indian industries.

Q 42.

Name the provinces where most of the large-scale industries were located during the colonial period.

Q 43.

What was importance of advertisements in expanding the market during the colonial period ?

Q 44.

Assess the impact of the American Civil War on the plight of Weavers in India during second half at the 18th century.  [CBSE 2014]

Q 45.

Why did some Industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?

Q 46.

Write a brief note on the Spinning Jenny.

Q 47.

What were the problems faced by the textile manufacturers in India in the late 1800s ?

Q 48.

How do Cloth Merchants function?

Q 49.

When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels with pictures on the cloth bundles. Why did they do so ? Explain.

Q 50.

Explain the following :
(a) Woman workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
(b) In the seventeenth century, merchants from towns In Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages.
(c) The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century.
(d) The East India Company appointed Gomasthas to supervise the weavers in India. [CBSE Sept. 2011]