Mention any four features of the proto ¬industrial system. [CBSE Svpt. 2010]
Or
Explain the main features of proto ¬industrialisation. [CBSE 2010 (0)]
Or
What was proto-industrialisation ? Why did the poor peasants and artisans in the countryside begin to work for the merchants from the towns ? [CBSE 2012]
(i) Impact on cottagers and peasants : After the disappearing of open field system cottagers and poor peasants ‘who had earlier depended on common lands for their survival, gathering their firewood, berries, vegetables, hay and straw, had to now look for alternative sources of income. Many had tiny plots of land which could not provide work for all members of the household. So when merchants cam around and offered advances to produce good; for them, peasant households eagerly agreed. By working for the merchants, they could remain in the countryside and continue to cultivate their small plots. Income from proto-industrial production supplemented their shrinking income from cultivation. It also allowed them a fuller use of their family labour resources.
(ii) Closed relationship between countryside and towns : Within this system a close relationship developed between the town and the countryside. Merchants were based in towns but the work was done mostly in the countryside.
(iii) Role of merchants : The whole system of production was controlled by merchants and the goods were produced by a vast number of producers working within their family farms, not in factories At each stage of production 20 to 25 workers were employed by each merchant.
(iv) Market : With the expansion of world trade and the acquistion of colonies in different parts of the world, the demand for goods began growing. So the Merchants were producing these goods for international market.
(v) Not factories : The goods were no: produced in factories by the cotta cottagers and Hie peasants and their families.
Give reasons why the handloom weavers in India survived the onslaught of the machine made textiles of Manchester ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
How did small scale industries survive in India despite of Industrialisation ? [CBSE 2013]
Write a short note on the development of factories in India.
Or
Explain the growth of factories in India.
Why did the upper class people prefer to use hand products in the Victorian period ? Explain with examples.
Why in Victorian Britain, the upper classes preferred things produced by hand ? Give three reasons. (CBSE Sept. 2010)
What technological change helped in improving production of India industry during the 20th century ?
Explain the impact of industrialisation on
(a) Women
(b) Children
(c) Do you think child labour is still a major problem? Suggest any two ways to check child labour.
What was importance of advertisements in expanding the market during the colonial period ?
“By the 1860s Indian weavers failed to get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality”. Give reason.
"In Victorian Britain, the upper classes – the aristocrats and the bourgeoisie – preferred things produced by hand". Give reason.
Name the European Managing agencies which controlled the large sector of Indian industries.
What is the importance of advertisement? How advertisement was used by the Britishers to expand the market for their products?
Why women workers attacked the spinning Jenny a machine which was introduced in Britain ?
Name the provinces where most of the large-scale industries were located. How can you say that small-scale production continued to predominate even in the late 20th century ?
In the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries, the merchants from the towns in Europe began moving to the countryside.' Give reasons.
Or
Explain any three major problems faced by the new European merchants in setting up their industries in towns before the Industrial Revolution. [CBSE 2008 (D) Sept. 2012]
Or
What is meant by proto-industrialisation ? Why was it successful in the countryside in England in the 17th century ? [CBSE Sept. 2008. 2011. 2012]
Or
Throw light on production during the proto-industrialisation phase in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries with an example. [CBSF. Sept. 2010]
By the first decade of the 20th century, a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialisation in India. Explain. [CBSE 2008. Sept. 2013]
Mention any three social causes of the clashes between Gomasthas and Villagers. [CBSE 2014]
“Under the colonial era the Indian merchants were discriminated and space within which Indian merchants could function became increasingly limited’. Justify.
When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud."What was the message ?
“Certain group of weavers were in a better position than others to survive the competition with mill industries-. Explain. [CBSE 2014]
What steps were taken by the East India Company to contiol the market of cotton and silk goods ? [CBSE 2009 (D)]
Or
The establishment of political power by the East India Company resulted in ruination of the Indian weavers. Support the statement with suitable examples. [CBSE 2012]
By the beginning of the 19th century, there was a long decline of textile exports from India.’ Explain by giving reasons. [CBSE 2008]
Or
Explain three reasons for the decline of Indian textile industry by the end of 19th century. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Which pre-colonial port connected India to the Gulf countries and the Red Sea ports ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Name the goods from India Which dominated the international market before the age of machine industries.
”Before establishing political power in Bengal and Carnatic in the 1760 and 1770s, the East India Company had found it difficult to ensure a regular supply of goods for export. Give reasons.
‘By I860. Indian weavers could not get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality.' Give reason.
Name the provinces where most of the large-scale industries were located during the colonial period.