Explain the major features of pre colonial trade and industries.
(i) Major good: Before the age of machine industries, silk and cotton goods from India dominated the international market in textiles Coarser cottons were produced in many countries, but the finer varieties often came from India
(ii) Trading partners: Armenian and Persian merchants took the goods from Punjab to Afghanistan. eastern Persia and Central Asia. Bales of fine textiles were carried on camel back via the north-west frontier, through mountain passes and across deserts.
(iii) Major ports: A vibrant sea trade operated through the main pre-colonial ports. Surat cn the Gujarat coast connected India to the Gulf and Red Sea Ports Masulipatam on the Coromandel coast and Hoogly in Bengal had trade links with Southeast Asian ports.
Why did the upper class people prefer to use hand products in the Victorian period ? Explain with examples.
Why in Victorian Britain, the upper classes preferred things produced by hand ? Give three reasons. (CBSE Sept. 2010)
Give reasons why the handloom weavers in India survived the onslaught of the machine made textiles of Manchester ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
How did small scale industries survive in India despite of Industrialisation ? [CBSE 2013]
Which pre-colonial port connected India to the Gulf countries and the Red Sea ports ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Name the provinces where most of the large-scale industries were located during the colonial period.
“By the 1860s Indian weavers failed to get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality”. Give reason.
What is meant by proto-industrialisation ? How did it affect the rural peasants and artisans ? [CBSE 2012]
Or
How did the poor peasants and artisans benefit during the proto-industrialisation phase? [CBSE 2011]
Write True or False against each statement:
(a) At the end of the 19th century, 80 per cent of the total workforce in Europe was employed in the technologically advanced industrial sector.
(b) The international market for textiles was dominated by India till the eighteenth century.
(c) The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India.
(d) The introduction of the fly shuttle enabled the handloom workers to improve their productivity.
When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud."What was the message ?
Explain the major features of the industrialisation process of Europe in the 19th century. [CBSE Compt. 2008 (O)]
Name the European Managing agencies which controlled the large sector of Indian industries.
What technological change helped in improving production of India industry during the 20th century ?
When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels with pictures on the cloth bundles. Why did they do so ? Explain.
Write a short note on the development of factories in India.
Or
Explain the growth of factories in India.
“Under the colonial era the Indian merchants were discriminated and space within which Indian merchants could function became increasingly limited’. Justify.
What is the importance of advertisement? How advertisement was used by the Britishers to expand the market for their products?
In the 20th century, the handloom cloth production expanded steadily, i.e.. almost trebling between 1900 and 1940.’ Give reasons.
Or
What led to expansion In handloom craft production between 1900 and 1940 ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Why was East India Company keen on expanding textile exports from India during the 1760 ? Explain any three reasons. [CBSE 2013]
“Certain group of weavers were in a better position than others to survive the competition with mill industries-. Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Explain the impact of industrialisation on
(a) Women
(b) Children
(c) Do you think child labour is still a major problem? Suggest any two ways to check child labour.
The process of industrialisation brought with it miseries for the newly emerged class of industrial workers.’ Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Or
Explain the miserable conditions of industrial workers in Britain during the nineteenth century. [CBSE 2009 lP]
Or
How did the abundance of labour in the market affect the lives of the workers in Britain during the nineteenth century ? Explain with examples. [CBSE 2008 (O) Compt.]
Or
Describe the lifestyle of the British workers of the nineteenth century. [CBSE 2010 IO). 2014]
Or
Explain how the condition of the workers steadily declined in the early twentieth century Europe. [CBSE Sept. 2010. 2011]
Name the goods from India Which dominated the international market before the age of machine industries.
”Before establishing political power in Bengal and Carnatic in the 1760 and 1770s, the East India Company had found it difficult to ensure a regular supply of goods for export. Give reasons.