The process of industrialisation brought with it miseries for the newly emerged class of industrial workers.’ Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Or
Explain the miserable conditions of industrial workers in Britain during the nineteenth century. [CBSE 2009 lP]
Or
How did the abundance of labour in the market affect the lives of the workers in Britain during the nineteenth century ? Explain with examples. [CBSE 2008 (O) Compt.]
Or
Describe the lifestyle of the British workers of the nineteenth century. [CBSE 2010 IO). 2014]
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Explain how the condition of the workers steadily declined in the early twentieth century Europe. [CBSE Sept. 2010. 2011]
(i) More workers than the demand : There was an abundance of workers in the market than the demand This had an adverse impact on the lives of the workers. Due to the shortage of work, most of the workers failed to get jobs So they offered their services at lower wages.
(ii) Seasonality of work : Seasonality of work any industries meant prolonged periods without work. After the busy season was over, the poor were on the streets again. Some returned to the countryside after the winter, when the demand for labour in the rural areas opened up in places. But most looked for odd jobs, which till the mid-nineteenth century were difficult to find.
(iii) Low real wages : Though the wages increased somewhat in the early 19th century, but the increase was nullified by increase in prices. During the Napoleonic ware, the red wages fell significantly.
(iv) Poverty and unemployment : At the best of times, till the mid-nineteenth century, about 10 per cent of the urban population was extremely poor The unemployment rate was also very high.
(v) Housing problem : Factory or workshop owners did not house live migrant workers. Many job seekers had to wait weeks, spending nights under bridges or night in shelters.
Name the European Managing agencies which controlled the large sector of Indian industries.
Why did some Industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?
The proto-industrialisation helped in building a close relationship between the town and the countryside”. Explain.
When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud."What was the message ?
When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels with pictures on the cloth bundles. Why did they do so ? Explain.
Why did the peasants agree to accept advances made by the merchants to produce goods for them in Europe during the 17th and the 18th centuries* ? Explain three reasons. [CBSE Comp. (D) 2008]
Or
How were new merchant groups in Europe able to spread their business in the countryside before the Industrial Revolution ? Explain.
Or
Briefly explain the method and system of production in the countryside in England.
[CBSE 2013]
Why did the network of export trade in textiles controlled by the Indian merchants break down by the 1750s ? Mention any two effects of such a breakdown ? [CBSE 2013]
Why women workers attacked the spinning Jenny a machine which was introduced in Britain ?
How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from Indian weavers?
How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from the Indian weavers ?
Which pre-colonial port connected India to the Gulf countries and the Red Sea ports ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Why did the industrial production in India increase during the First World War ? [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Write a short note on the development of factories in India.
Or
Explain the growth of factories in India.
What technological change helped in improving production of India industry during the 20th century ?
By the first decade of the 20th century, a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialisation in India. Explain. [CBSE 2008. Sept. 2013]
What was importance of advertisements in expanding the market during the colonial period ?
In the 20th century, the handloom cloth production expanded steadily, i.e.. almost trebling between 1900 and 1940.’ Give reasons.
Or
What led to expansion In handloom craft production between 1900 and 1940 ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Why did the upper class people prefer to use hand products in the Victorian period ? Explain with examples.
Why in Victorian Britain, the upper classes preferred things produced by hand ? Give three reasons. (CBSE Sept. 2010)
Mention any four features of the proto ¬industrial system. [CBSE Svpt. 2010]
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Explain the main features of proto ¬industrialisation. [CBSE 2010 (0)]
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What was proto-industrialisation ? Why did the poor peasants and artisans in the countryside begin to work for the merchants from the towns ? [CBSE 2012]
Why was it difficult for the new European merchants to set up business in town in the 17th and 18th centuries ?
“Under the colonial era the Indian merchants were discriminated and space within which Indian merchants could function became increasingly limited’. Justify.
In the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries, the merchants from the towns in Europe began moving to the countryside.' Give reasons.
Or
Explain any three major problems faced by the new European merchants in setting up their industries in towns before the Industrial Revolution. [CBSE 2008 (D) Sept. 2012]
Or
What is meant by proto-industrialisation ? Why was it successful in the countryside in England in the 17th century ? [CBSE Sept. 2008. 2011. 2012]
Or
Throw light on production during the proto-industrialisation phase in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries with an example. [CBSF. Sept. 2010]
The port of Surat and Hoogly declined by the end of the ISth century.’ Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2012]
Explain the role of Indian merchants and bankers in the network of export trade.
Or
What role did the Indian merchants play in the growth of textile industries before 1750 ? Explain any three points. [CBSE 2011]