History

Print Culture and the Modern World

Question:

Give reasons for the following:
a) Woodblock print only came to Europe after 1295.
b) Martin Luther was in favour of print and spoke out in praise of it.
c) The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an Index of Prohibited books from the mid-sixteenth century.
d) Gandhi said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association.

Answer:

a) In 1295, the Italian explorer Marco Polo returned from his exploration in China. In China wooden block printing was popular at that time. He brought this technique with him, when he retuned to Europe.
b) Martin Luther expressed his ideas through print. His publication, ‘Ninety Five Theses' challenged the orthodox practises of the Roman Catholic church. His publication was posted on a church door and this brought about many debates. This eventually led to the Reformation.
He translated the New Testament, and 5000 copies were sold in a short time. Hence Martin Luther was in favour of print and spoke out in praise of it
c) The Roman Catholic Church faced a lot of dissent from the mid 16th century. People started writing about God and His creations in different ways. The Church banned books which did not follow its ideals. So, the Church felt it necessary to keep a record of the banned books. This record was called the ‘Index of prohibited books'.
d) Liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association were 3 important factors that were necessary to cultivate public opinion according to Gandhi. He said that the fight for ‘swaraj' was the fight for Liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association.

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Print Culture and the Modern World

Q 1.

Give a brief description of the first form of print technology.

Q 2.

Why did some people in the eighteenth century Europe think that print culture would bring enlightenment and end despotism ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Or
Assess the impact of print revolution on the European society. [CBSE 2013]

Q 3.

Why did people in the eighteenth century Europe think that print culture would bring enlightenment and end despotism?  [CBSE 2011]

Q 4.

Who said "Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one ? ] [CBSE 2010. 11, 12]

Q 5.

How did the ideas of scientists and philosophers become more accessible to common people after the beginning of print revolution in Europe ? [CBSE Sept. 2010. 2012]

Q 6.

Explain the factors which were responsible for creating a virtual reading mania in Europe. [CBSE 2014]
Or
How did a new reading public emerged with the printing press ? Explain. [CBSE 2010 (D)]
Or
Explain any three reasons for an increase in reading mania in Europe in the 18th Century. [CBSE Sept. 2011]

Q 7.

What is calligraphy ?

Q 8.

Which is the oldest book to be printed in Japan ?

Q 9.

Name the first book published by Johann Guttenbcrg.

Q 10.

Name any two women novelist of the 19th century.

Q 11.

Who invented power driven cylindrical press ? What were its advantages ?

Q 12.

Name any four languages in which Indian manuscript was prepared before the age of print.

Q 13.

Name the first Weekly that appeared in India. Who bought it out ? (CBSE 2014)

Q 14.

What was an accordion book"? Describe any two features of hand printing in China ?

Q 15.

Why did some people fear the effect of easily available printed books? Choose one example from Europe and one from India.

Q 16.

How did China remain a major producer of printed materials for a long time ? [CBSE 2013]
Or
"The imperial state in China, was the major producer of printed material.” Support this statement with examples.  [CBSE 2013. 2012. 2014]

Q 17.

How was sale of books promoted in small towns?

Q 18.

Name the countries where the earliest kind of print technology was developed.

Q 19.

What was Protestant Reformation ?

Q 20.

Name two scholars whose writings inspired French people.

Q 21.

Name the printing presses which published numerous religious texts in vernaculars from the 1880s.

Q 22.

Who wrote Gulamgiri ? (CBSE 2014)

Q 23.

What was Vernacular Press Act ? (CBSE 2014)

Q 24.

Name an Act which was passed by the British government to keep a regular track of the vernacular newspapers.

Q 25.

Name the paper with which Bal Gangadhar Tilak was associated.

Q 26.

’Liberty of speech … liberty of the press … freedom of association. The government of India is now seeking to crush the three powerful vehicles of expressing and cultivating public opinion, the fight for swaraj, for Khilafat … means a fight for this threatened freedom before all else….’
Who said these words ?

Q 27.

Analyse the impact of print revolution on religion. [CJBS £ 2012]

Q 28.

What did the spread of print culture in nineteenth century India mean to:
a) Women
b) The poor
c) Reformers.

Q 29.

Explain how print culture assisted the growth of nationalism in India.

Q 30.

How were earlier books printed (before 15th century) ? Explain.

Q 31.

How did Gutenberg personalise the printed hooks suiting to the tastes and requirement of others ? [CBSE 2012]

Q 32.

When was print technology introduced in Japan?

Q 33.

How did the print revolution influence the reading habit of the people of Europe?

Q 34.

Mass literacy increased many fold in the nineteenth century, in Europe. Women children and workers started reading books. Discuss.

Q 35.

Trace the history of print in China.
Or
How did China remain a major producer of printed materials for a long time ?
Or
The imperial state in China, was the major producer of printed material.' Support this statement. [CBSE 2014]

Q 36.

How did the oral culture enter print and how was the printed material transmitted orally ? Explain with suitable examples.  [CBSE 2008 (F), Sept. 2012]
Or
How did the printers manage to attract the people, largely illiterate, towards, printed books ? [CBSE Sept. 2012]

Q 37.

Not everyone welcomed the printed books, and those who did also had fears about it.' Explain by giving examples.

Q 38.

Who was the major producer of printed material in China ? For what purpose this material was used ?

Q 39.

Which material was used to print pictures in Japan?

Q 40.

Who developed the first printing press ?

Q 41.

What was print revolution ?

Q 42.

What was the role of cartoons and caricatures in the French Revolution ?

Q 43.

The printing press is the most powerful engine of progress and public opinion is the force that will sweep despotism away". Who said these words ?

Q 44.

Name the first weekly that appeared in India. Who brought it out ? (CBSE 2014)

Q 45.

Why did Governor General Warren Hastings persecute Hickey ?

Q 46.

In north India, the ulama were deeply anxious about the collapse of Muslim dynasties. They feared that colonial rulers would encourage conversion, change the Muslim personal laws. Mention any two steps taken by them to counter this.

Q 47.

Who was the author of Amar Jiban ?

Q 48.

Name any four Indian women writers of the 19th century.

Q 49.

Give reasons for the following :
(a) Martin Luther was in favour of print, and spoke out in praise of it.
(b) The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an Index of Prohibited books from the mid-sixteenth century.
(c) Gandhi said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for the liberty of speech, liberty of the press and freedom of association.

Q 50.

Write about the different innovations in the printing technology during the 19th century ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]