Write a brief note on Martin Luther.
Martin Luther was a religious reformer. In 1517 he wrote the ‘Ninety Five Theses' criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. A printed copy of this was pasted on a church door in Wittenberg. The Church was prompted to discuss his ideas.
Soon Martin Luther's Ninety Five Theses' was printed in vast numbers and read widely. This lead to a division within the Church and was the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
Martin Luther's translation of the New Testament sold 5,000 copies within a few weeks and a second edition appeared within three months.
Several scholars felt print brought about a new intellectual atmosphere and helped spread the new ideas that led to the Reformation.
Explain the main features of the first printed Bible. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
Describe any three main features of the first printed Bible. [CBSE 2014]
Name an Act which was passed by the British government to keep a regular track of the vernacular newspapers.
’Liberty of speech … liberty of the press … freedom of association. The government of India is now seeking to crush the three powerful vehicles of expressing and cultivating public opinion, the fight for swaraj, for Khilafat … means a fight for this threatened freedom before all else….’
Who said these words ?
Write about the different innovations in the printing technology during the 19th century ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Why did some people in the eighteenth century Europe think that print culture would bring enlightenment and end despotism ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Or
Assess the impact of print revolution on the European society. [CBSE 2013]
Study the given paragraph and answer the following questions that follow :
Liberty of speech…. liberty of the press freedom of association. The government of India is now seeking to crush the three powerful vehicles of expressing and cultivating public opinion. The fight for Swaraj, for Khilafat …. means a fight for this threatened freedom before all else ….'
(i) Who said these words ?
(ii) Name the freedoms he is talking about.
Who was the major producer of printed material in China ? For what purpose this material was used ?
Give reasons for the following :
(a) Martin Luther was in favour of print, and spoke out in praise of it.
(b) The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an Index of Prohibited books from the mid-sixteenth century.
(c) Gandhi said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for the liberty of speech, liberty of the press and freedom of association.
What were the effects of the spread of print culture for poor people in nineteenth century India?
Mass literacy increased many fold in the nineteenth century, in Europe. Women children and workers started reading books. Discuss.
The printing press is the most powerful engine of progress and public opinion is the force that will sweep despotism away". Who said these words ?
In north India, the ulama were deeply anxious about the collapse of Muslim dynasties. They feared that colonial rulers would encourage conversion, change the Muslim personal laws. Mention any two steps taken by them to counter this.
"Woodblock print came to Europe after 1295". Give any three reasons to explain the above statement. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
What restrictions were imposed by the Vernacular Press Act on the Indian Press ? Explain. [CBSE-2011]
Or
In what ways the Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was a repressive step by the Government ? Explain. [CBSE-2011]
How did China remain a major producer of printed materials for a long time ? [CBSE 2013]
Or
"The imperial state in China, was the major producer of printed material.” Support this statement with examples. [CBSE 2013. 2012. 2014]
How did Gutenberg personalise the printed hooks suiting to the tastes and requirement of others ? [CBSE 2012]