Question:
Explain why antibiotics are more effective in curing bacterial diseases than viral diseases.
Answer:
Antibiotics are effective in curing bacterial and fungal infections (e.g. tuberculosis) but they are ineffective in viral diseases (like the common cold). Antibiotics affect on life processes of bacteria and inhibit their growth. On the other hand, virus is just a piece of DNA (or RNA), not a well-defined life form. Viruses can reproduce inside host cells. They do not use common biochemical pathways as used by other microbes (bacteria, fungi and parasites). That's why antibiotics are ineffective in viral infections. It should be noted that despite this limitation, there are now effective anti-viral drugs, for example, the drugs that keep HIV infection under control.
Why Do We Fall Ill?
Q 1.
Name the diseases that can spread through housefly.
Q 2.
(a) What is immunisation ?
(b) Define immunity and vaccination.
(c) Define vaccine. .
(d) What type of diseases can be prevented through vaccination ? [SAII -2013]
Q 3.
A baby is not able to tell her / his caretakers that she / he is sick. What would help us to find out:
(a) that the baby is sick ?
(b) what is the sickness ?
Q 4.
Why are antibiotics not effective for viral disease ?
Q 6.
Name the target organs for the following diseases :
(a) Hepatitis targets…………
(b) Fits or unconsciousness targets…………
(c) Pneumonia targets…………
(d) Fungal disease targets…………
Q 7.
Are the answers to the above questions (Q2 and Q5) and necessarily the same or different? Why?
Q 8.
Name the pathogen causes peptic ulcer.
Q 9.
What are the different means by which infectious diseases are spread?
Q 10.
Name the vector that can cause sleeping sickness.
Q 11.
What are the basic principles involved in medical treatment for diseases?
Q 12.
Why are kids and elderly people more vulnerable to cold/flu?
Q 13.
What do you mean by immune response ? , [SAII – 2014]
Q 14.
Common cold spreads faster and is difficult to control. Give reason. [SAII -2014]
Q 15.
Define antibiotic? Explain how it is able to control bacterial infections but not viral infections.
Q 16.
Differentiate between allergy and autoimmune diseases.
Q 17.
Give two examples for each of the following :
(a) Acute diseases
(b) Chronic diseases
(c) Infectious diseases
(d) Non-infectious diseases.
Q 18.
What is inflammation ? Write the symptoms of this in human body.
Q 19.
You have suffered from chickenpox, when you were in class three. Why will you not suffer from it again ? [SAII -2014]
Q 20.
A baby is not able to tell her/his caretakers that she/he is sick. What would help us to find out (a) that the baby is sick? (b) what is the sickness?
Q 21.
What are acquired diseases?
Q 22.
How do antibiotics (say Penicillin) work on bacteria but not on human beings?
Q 23.
Why taking an antibiotic is not effective in the common cold?
Q 24.
(a) What are epidemic and endemic diseases? (b) Which organ is affected if a person is suffering from jaundice?
Q 25.
Write three differences between Personal Health and Community Health.
Q 26.
Why are we advised to take blend and nourishing food when we are sick ?
Q 27.
Majority of children in many parts of India are already immune to Hepatitis A by the time they are five years old. Why ?
Q 28.
Which amongst the two diseases : acute or chronic has adverse effect on the health of a person? Explain giving a suitable example.
Q 29.
What do you mean by active and passive immunisation ? [SAll – 2015]
Q 30.
Who discovered ‘vaccine’ for the first time ? Name two diseases which can be prevented by using vaccines.
Q 31.
Classify the following diseases as infectious or non-infectious :
(a) AIDS (b) Tuberculosis
(c) Cholera (d) High blood pressure
(e) Heart disease (f) Pneumonia
(g) Cancer
Q 32.
What is a disease ? How many types of diseases have you studied ? Give examples.
Q 33.
What do you mean by disease symptoms ? Explain giving two examples.
Q 34.
What precautions will you take to justify “prevention is better than cure” ?
Q 35.
Becoming exposed to or infected with an infectious microbe (toes not necessarily mean developing noticeable disease. Explain.
Q 36.
What are infectious agents? What are the different infectious agents?
Q 37.
What are antibodies?
Q 38.
What do you mean by Phagocytosis?
Q 39.
Why Colostrum is good for infants?
Q 40.
What is an antibiotic ? Give its one example.
Q 41.
How many times did you fall ill in the last one year ? What were the illnesses ? (a) Think of one change you could make in your habits in order to avoid any/most of the above illnesses.
(b) Think of one change you would wish for in your surroundings in order to avoid any/most of the above illnesses.
Q 42.
Why do some children fall ill more frequently than others living in the same locality ?
Q 43.
State giving reasons whether the following statements are correct or not:
- Our surrounding area should be free from stagnant water.
- Staying clean is not necessary as long as you eat a balanced diet.
- Social equality and harmony are necessary for good health.
Q 44.
How do we identify a disease?
Q 45.
List the diseases caused by worms?
Q 46.
Name the protozoan pathogen that causes kala-azar.
Q 47.
Give two examples of bacterial antibiotics.
Q 48.
Give an example of fungal antibiotic.
Q 49.
Name the vector which causes malaria.
Q 50.
A doctor/nurse/health-worker is exposed to more sick people than others in the community. Find out how she/he avoids getting sick herself/himself.
