Question:
How do antibiotics (say Penicillin) work on bacteria but not on human beings?
Answer:
Antibiotics (anti means against, biotic - living) are types of medications that destroy or slow the growth of bacteria. They are often termed as antibacterials. They work against the life processes of bacteria. They commonly block biochemical pathways important for bacteria. Many bacteria, for example, make a cell-wall to protect themselves. The antibiotic penicillin blocks the bacterial processes that build the cell wall. Thus bacteria fail to build their cell-wall, stop multiplying and die out. Human cells don’t make a cell-wall anyway so penicillin cannot have such an effect on us.
Why Do We Fall Ill?
Q 1.
Differentiate between communicable and non-communicable diseases. Give one example of each.
Q 2.
Give two examples for each of the following :
(a) Acute diseases
(b) Chronic diseases
(c) Infectious diseases
(d) Non-infectious diseases.
Q 3.
What do you mean by immune response ? , [SAII – 2014]
Q 4.
Majority of children in many parts of India are already immune to Hepatitis A by the time they are five years old. Why ?
Q 5.
What do signs and symptoms indicate if a person is suffering from any disease ? [SAII -2014]
Q 6.
Name the protozoan pathogen that causes kala-azar.
Q 7.
Name the vector that can cause sleeping sickness.
Q 8.
What is a disease ? How many types of diseases have you studied ? Give examples.
Q 9.
Name the microbe which causes acne.
Q 10.
(i) Why a person suffering from AIDS cannot fight even small infections ?
(ii) In a slum area, many people are suffering from malaria. Mention any two unhygienic conditions that must be prevailing in that locality.
(iii) Why female Anopheles mosquito feeds on human blood ? [SAII – 2014]
Q 11.
Give two examples of bacterial antibiotics.
Q 12.
Name the vector which causes malaria.
Q 13.
What is the purpose of vaccination ?
Q 14.
Give four modes of transmission of AIDS.
Q 15.
You have suffered from chickenpox, when you were in class three. Why will you not suffer from it again ? [SAII -2014]
Q 16.
State giving reasons whether the following statements are correct or not:
- Our surrounding area should be free from stagnant water.
- Staying clean is not necessary as long as you eat a balanced diet.
- Social equality and harmony are necessary for good health.
Q 17.
List the diseases caused by viruses?
Q 18.
Name the pathogen causes peptic ulcer.
Q 19.
List the diseases caused by worms?
Q 20.
What are antibodies?
Q 21.
Why are kids and elderly people more vulnerable to cold/flu?
Q 22.
Why are we advised to take blend and nourishing food when we are sick ?
Q 23.
Many vaccines form the public health programme of childhood immunisation for preventing infectious disease. Name any two such diseases.
Q 24.
(i) What is an epidemic disease ?
(ii) Which organ is affected if a person is suffering from jaundice ?
Q 25.
(i) What are the various ways to prevent the diseases ?
(ii) What is immunisation ?
Q 26.
What precautions can you take in your school to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases ?
Q 27.
Becoming exposed to or infected with an infectious microbe (toes not necessarily mean developing noticeable disease. Explain.
Q 28.
State any two conditions essential for good health.
Q 29.
Are the answers to the above questions (Q2 and Q5) and necessarily the same or different? Why?
Q 30.
What is a balanced diet?
Q 31.
Name a disease which was earlier considered to be chronic but now can be treated in short duration?
Q 32.
List any two differences between infectious and non-infectious diseases. Write any one example of each disease.
Q 33.
What precautions can you take in your school to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases?
Q 34.
Why Colostrum is good for infants?
Q 35.
(i) Which bacterium causes peptic ulcers ?
(ii) Who discovered the above pathogen for the first time ?
Q 36.
What is an antibiotic ? Give its one example.
Q 37.
State any two conditions essential for being free of disease.
Q 38.
What is inflammation ? Write the symptoms of this in human body.
Q 39.
State two principles of treatment of a disease.
Q 40.
List any three reasons why you would think that you are sick and ought to see a doctor. If only one of these symptoms were present, would you still go to the doctor ? Why or why not ?
Q 41.
(a) What is immunisation ?
(b) Define immunity and vaccination.
(c) Define vaccine. .
(d) What type of diseases can be prevented through vaccination ? [SAII -2013]
Q 42.
Conduct a survey in your neighbourhood to find out what the three most common diseases are. Suggest three steps that could be taken by your local authorities to bring down the incidence of these diseases.
Q 43.
What is '
germ theory of disease'? Who proposed it?
Q 44.
Explain why antibiotics are more effective in curing bacterial diseases than viral diseases.
Q 45.
What is the alternate name of brain fever? Which vector is responsible for this disease?
Q 46.
What do you mean by immunity?
Q 47.
What is immunisation?
Q 49.
What are the basic principles involved in medical treatment for diseases?
Q 50.
Why do people staying in air-conditioned homes/offices catch cold more often?
