(a) What is immunisation ?
(b) Define immunity and vaccination.
(c) Define vaccine. .
(d) What type of diseases can be prevented through vaccination ? [SAII -2013]
(a) Immunisation is a process of inoculation (injecting) of substance (vaccine) into a healthy person in order to develop immunity against the disease.
(b) Immunity is the ability of a body to recognise, destroy and eliminate external disease-causing agents. This immunisation is done by giving vaccine and thus it is also known as vaccination.
(c) The vaccine is a solution containing the disease-causing organisms in a diluted or weakened form. It may have organisms in living or even dead form.This does not actually cause the disease but this would prevent any subsequent exposure to the infecting microbe from turning into actual disease.
(d) Protection against diseases like smallpox, rabies, polio, diphtheria, chickenpox and hepatitis is provided through vaccination. It has been possible to eradicate smallpox from all regions of the world through a massive vaccination programme.
Give two examples for each of the following :
(a) Acute diseases
(b) Chronic diseases
(c) Infectious diseases
(d) Non-infectious diseases.
Many vaccines form the public health programme of childhood immunisation for preventing infectious disease. Name any two such diseases.
(i) Why a person suffering from AIDS cannot fight even small infections ?
(ii) In a slum area, many people are suffering from malaria. Mention any two unhygienic conditions that must be prevailing in that locality.
(iii) Why female Anopheles mosquito feeds on human blood ? [SAII – 2014]
Majority of children in many parts of India are already immune to Hepatitis A by the time they are five years old. Why ?
List any three reasons why you would think that you are sick and ought to see a doctor. If only one of these symptoms were present, would you still go to the doctor ? Why or why not ?
Classify infectious agents into different categories and also mention the diseases caused by them.
Who discovered ‘vaccine’ for the first time ? Name two diseases which can be prevented by using vaccines.
Which amongst the two diseases : acute or chronic has adverse effect on the health of a person? Explain giving a suitable example.
(i) What is an epidemic disease ?
(ii) Which organ is affected if a person is suffering from jaundice ?
What precautions can you take in your school to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases ?
“On exposure with an infectious microbe does not necessarily mean developing noticeable disease”. Do you agree ? Explain with reason. If yes, how severe infections occur in our body ?
Explain giving reasons :
(a) Balanced diet is necessary for maintaining healthy body.
(b) Health of an organism depends upon the surrounding environmental conditions.
(c) Our surrounding area should be free of stagnant water.
(d) Social harmony and good economic conditions are necessary for good health.
Becoming exposed to or infected with an infectious microbe (toes not necessarily mean developing noticeable disease. Explain.
Why are we normally advised, to take bland and nourishing food when we are sick ? [SAII – 2011, 2013]
A baby is not able to tell her / his caretakers that she / he is sick. What would help us to find out:
(a) that the baby is sick ?
(b) what is the sickness ?
Why do some children fall ill more frequently than others living in the same locality ?
State giving reasons whether the following statements are correct or not: