Question:
(i) How do you define 'disease'? (ii) State and explain in brief the four major factors, which are the causes of disease.
Answer:
The condition of malfunctioning of the organ system or systems is called disease. In layman terms, disease means "without ease". The disease leads to an abnormal condition in which our body or body organ does not work properly. Following are the major factors which cause diseases:
- pathogens (e.g. virus, bacteria, worms etc.)
- environmental factors (e.g. pollutants)
- nutritional factors (e.g. malnutrition)
- genetic factors (e.g. gene defects)
- hormonal imbalances (e.g. insufficient release of insulin causes diabetes)
- metabolic factors (e.g. organ failure)
Why Do We Fall Ill?
Q 1.
Name the target organs for the following diseases :
(a) Hepatitis targets…………
(b) Fits or unconsciousness targets…………
(c) Pneumonia targets…………
(d) Fungal disease targets…………
Q 2.
What is an antibiotic ? Give its one example.
Q 3.
What are infectious agents? What are the different infectious agents?
Q 4.
Give two examples for each of the following :
(a) Acute diseases
(b) Chronic diseases
(c) Infectious diseases
(d) Non-infectious diseases.
Q 5.
The signs and symptoms of a disease will depend on the tissue or organ which the microbe targets Justify the statement with two examples. [SAll – 2014]
Q 6.
Are the answers to the above questions (Q2 and Q5) and necessarily the same or different? Why?
Q 7.
Name the diseases that can spread through housefly.
Q 8.
Name any two diseases which are caused due to unprotected sexual intercourse.
Q 9.
What are the immunisation programmes available at the nearest health centre in your locality? Which of these diseases are the major health problems in your area ?
Q 10.
What precautions will you take to justify “prevention is better than cure” ?
Q 11.
Common cold spreads faster and is difficult to control. Give reason. [SAII -2014]
Q 12.
Why taking an antibiotic is not effective in the common cold?
Q 13.
Give an example of fungal antibiotic.
Q 14.
Why do people staying in air-conditioned homes/offices catch cold more often?
Q 15.
Write three differences between Personal Health and Community Health.
Q 16.
Write differences between 'Being Healthy' and 'Disease Free'.
Q 17.
State any two conditions essential for good health. [SAII-2014]
Q 18.
State any two conditions essential for being free of disease.
Q 19.
Classify the following diseases as infectious or non-infectious :
(a) AIDS (b) Tuberculosis
(c) Cholera (d) High blood pressure
(e) Heart disease (f) Pneumonia
(g) Cancer
Q 20.
State any two conditions essential for good health.
Q 21.
What are antibodies?
Q 22.
(a) What are epidemic and endemic diseases? (b) Which organ is affected if a person is suffering from jaundice?
Q 23.
Why are we advised to take blend and nourishing food when we are sick ?
Q 24.
Majority of children in many parts of India are already immune to Hepatitis A by the time they are five years old. Why ?
Q 25.
(i) What is an epidemic disease ?
(ii) Which organ is affected if a person is suffering from jaundice ?
Q 26.
Under which of the following conditions are you most likely to fall sick ?
(a) when you are taking examinations.
(b) when you have travelled by bus and train for two days.
(c) when your friend is suffering from measles. Why ?
Q 27.
State two principles of treatment of a disease.
Q 28.
Under which of the following conditions is a person most likely to fall sick ?
(a) When she is recovering from malaria.
(b) When she has recovered from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from
chickenpox.
(c) When she is on a four-day fast after recovering from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from chickenpox. Why ?
Q 29.
What do you mean by active and passive immunisation ? [SAll – 2015]
Q 30.
Give the modes of transmission of each of the following diseases :
(i) Syphilis (ii) Tuberculosis (iii) Jaundice (iv) Japanese encephalitis [SAII -2012]
Q 31.
Why is immune system essential for our health ?
Q 32.
Why making anti-viral medicines is harder than making anti-bacterial medicines ?
Q 33.
What are the different means by which infectious diseases are spread ?
Q 34.
Define Health? What do you interpret when we say a person is in good health?
Q 35.
Kidneys of a person do not filter urine properly. How does it affect physical, mental and social dimensions of that person?
Q 36.
Give examples of Acute diseases.
Q 37.
Name a disease which was earlier considered to be chronic but now can be treated in short duration?
Q 38.
What is '
germ theory of disease'? Who proposed it?
Q 39.
Give examples of fungal diseases.
Q 40.
Define antibiotic? Explain how it is able to control bacterial infections but not viral infections.
Q 41.
What is colostrum? Why is mother's milk strongly advised to newborns?
Q 42.
Why is it not necessary to give Hepatitis A vaccine to children?
Q 43.
Why are kids and elderly people more vulnerable to cold/flu?
Q 44.
Name any two groups of microorganisms from which antibiotics could be extracted.
Q 45.
List any four essential factors that must be taken icare of by an individual for keeping good health.
Q 46.
Which amongst the two diseases : acute or chronic has adverse effect on the health of a person? Explain giving a suitable example.
Q 47.
(i) Why a person suffering from AIDS cannot fight even small infections ?
(ii) In a slum area, many people are suffering from malaria. Mention any two unhygienic conditions that must be prevailing in that locality.
(iii) Why female Anopheles mosquito feeds on human blood ? [SAII – 2014]
Q 48.
(i) What are the various ways to prevent the diseases ?
(ii) What is immunisation ?
Q 49.
In which of the following case do you think the long-term effects on your health are likely to be most unpleasant ?
- if you get jaundice ?
- if you get lice ?
- if you get acne. Why ?
Q 50.
How many times did you fall ill in the last one year ? What were the illnesses ? (a) Think of one change you could make in your habits in order to avoid any/most of the above illnesses.
(b) Think of one change you would wish for in your surroundings in order to avoid any/most of the above illnesses.
