Economics

Introduction to Microeconomics

Question:

Why does an economic problem arise? [CBSE 2006, 07C, 09;  Or AI 2007]
State any two causes of economic problem. [CBSE 2005C, 09C, 12;Or AI 2007]
State two characteristics of the economic resources which give rise to economic problem.Or [AI 2007]
Why does problem of choice arise?[CBSE 2004, 05C, 06, 07] Or
Explain three factors that lead to an economic problem.

Answer:

Economic problem arises because of scarcity of resources in relation to demand for them.

  1. Wants are unlimited:
    (a)This is a basic fact of human life. Human wants are unlimited.
    (b)They are not only unlimited but also grow and multiply very fast.
  2. Resources are limited:
    (a)The resources to produce goods and services to satisfy human wants are available in limited quantities. Land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship are the basic scarce resources.
    (b)These resources are available in limited quantities in every economy, big or small, developed or underdeveloped, rich or poor. Some economies may have more of one or two resources but not all the resources.
    (c)For example, Indian economy has relatively more labour but less capital and land. The U.S. economy has relatively more land but less labour. No economy in the world is comfortable in all the resources.
  3. Resources have alternative uses:
    (a)Generally a resource has many alternative uses.
    (b)A worker can be employed in a factoiy, in a school, in a government office, self employed and so on.
    (c) Like this, nearly all resources have alternative uses. But the problem is that which resource should be put to which use.
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Introduction to Microeconomics

Q 1.

Give two examples of growth of resources.

Q 2.

What is meant by economy?

Q 3.

A country's resources are fully and p efficiently employed. The problem of scarcity exists. What advice would be given to raise the efficiency level of the human resource to fight scarcity?

Q 4.

Name any three variables of macroeconomics.

Q 5.

What is economics?

Q 6.

A doctor has a private clinic in New Delhi and his annual earnings are Rs 10 lakh. If he works in a government hospital in New Delhi, his annual earning will be Rs 8 lakh. What is the opportunity cost of having a clinic in New Delhi?

Q 7.

Explain the meaning of opportunity cost with the help of production possibility schedule.[CBSE, All India 2013]

Q 8.

Massive unemployment will shift PPC to the left. Defend or refute.

Q 9.

How does Maruti Udyog Ltd. fix the prices of its cars, is it studied in macroeconomics?

Q 10.

Which type of science is economics?

Q 11.

Give two examples of underutilisation of resources.

Q 12.

What is meant by economising of resources? [CBSE 2003]

Q 13.

"An economy always produces on but not inside PPC. Defend or refute.

Q 14.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities curve based on the following schedule.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-19

Q 15.

State the central problems of an economy. [CBSE Sample Paper 2014]

Q 16.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities Curve based on the following schedule.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-24

Q 17.

A job guarantee scheme will lead to a rightward shift of PPF.

Q 18.

Economy always operates on PPC.

Q 19.

With the same amount of resources a farmer can feed the following combination of goats and horses:
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-12
Taking into consideration the options available with him, find out the opportunity cost of the farmer of feeding one horse.

Q 20.

Define Production Possibility Curve and state its properties.[CBSE, All India 2013 C]

Q 21.

Production in an economy is below to its potentiality due to unemployment. Government starts employment generation schemes. Explain its effects by using production possibility curve.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-9

Q 22.

Give reasons for the following statements:

  1. Every economy has to make the decision relating to what to produce.
  2. Problem of choice arises because available resources have alternative uses.

Q 23.

India is a labour abundance and capital scarce economy. Which technique of production should be used to produce the commodity?

Q 24.

As water resources are limited in our country, how can we economise the water resources so that it could not cause a future problem for us? Give any two suggestions.

Q 25.

The government has started promoting foreign capital. What is its economic value in the context of Production Possibilities Frontier?

Q 26.

Why is production possibility curve also called opportunity cost curve?

Q 27.

What does a rightward shift of production possibility curve indicate?[CBSE 2007]

Q 28.

Why PPC is concave to the point of origin? [CBSE 2011, AI 2007]

Q 29.

State any three assumptions on which a production possibilities curve is based. [CBSE 2013 Q]

Q 30.

PPC is concave shaped as production of one good can be increased only by reducing quantity of another good.

Q 31.

Large number of technical training institutions have been started by the government. State its economic value in the context of production possibility frontier.

Q 32.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities curve based on the following schedule.
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-17

Q 33.

Discuss the subject matter of economics.

Q 34.

Because of destruction caused by war, a country's PPF will shift to the left.

Q 35.

If a PPF shifts to the right, the new PPF will be parallel to the original.

Q 36.

If the economy operates inside PPC, it shows full utilisation of resources.

Q 37.

Economy can never operate outside PPC with the given resources and technology.

Q 38.

In an underdeveloped economy why there is the need of efficient utilization of resources?

Q 39.

Scarcity of resources is a universal phenomenon and is not confined to poor and backward countries only. Comment.

Q 40.

Although water is useful, yet it is cheap. On the contrary, diamond is not much of use, still it is very expensive. Give an economic reason for this paradox.

Q 41.

Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities curve based on the following schedule. 
ncert-solutions-for-class-12-micro-economics-introduction-to-economics-21

Q 42.

What do you mean by the production possibilities of an economy?

Q 43.

Define Marginal Rate of Transformation (MRT). [CBSE 2012]

Q 44.

Give one/two examples of microeconomics study.[CBSE 2004C, 09, 09C, 11C;AI 2004, 05, 07, 11]
Or
Name any three variables of micro-economics.

Q 45.

State any two central problems under ‘problem of allocation of resources’.[CBSE Sample Paper 2016]

Q 46.

Give reasons for the following statements:

  1. A Production Possibility Frontier is always a downward sloping concave curve.
  2. An efficient economy would always produce a combination of goods
    that lies on the given Production Possibility Frontier.
  3. Growth of an economy is represented in the form of a rightward shift of a Production Possibility Frontier.

Q 47.

In the context of an economy when we talk about scarcity', we refer to short supply of land.

Q 48.

Economic problem arises due to plenty of resources.

Q 49.

Whether the cotton textile industry is an example of micro or macroeconomics?

Q 50.

Why is it that on one hand coal is found in plenty, yet it is scarce while on the other, a rotten vegetable is rare but not scarce?