Why ethyl alcohol is completely miscible with water?
This is because ethyl alcohol forms H-bonds witfi water.
Elements X, Y and Z have 4, 5 and 7 valence electrons respectively, (i) Write the molecular formula of the compounds formed by these elements individually with hydrogen, (ii) Which of these compounds will have the highest dipole moment?
Briefly describe the valence bond theory of covalent bond formation by taking an example of hydrogen. How can you interpret energy changes taking place in the formation of dihydrogen?
What is the effect of the following processes on the bond order in N-, and 02?
(i) N2 → N+2 + e– (ii) 02 → O+2 + e–
Which of the following statements are not correct?
(a) NaCl being an ionic compound is a good conductor of electricity in the solid state.
(b) In canonical structures there is a difference in the arrangement of atoms.
(c) Hybrid orbitals form stronger bonds than pure orbitals.
(d) VSEPR theory can explain the square planar geometry of XeF4.
Match the items given in Column I with examples given in Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Hydrogen bond | (a) C |
| (ii) Resonance | (b) LiF |
| (iii) Ionic solid | (c) H2 |
| (iv) Covalent solid | (d) HF |
| (e) 03 |
Structures of molecules of two compounds are given below:
(a) Which of the two compounds will have intermolccular hydrogen bonding and which compound is expected to show intramolecular hydrogen bonding?
(b) The melting point of a compound depends on. among other things, the extent of hydrogen bonding. On this basis explain which of the above two compounds will show higher melting point.
(c) Solubility of compounds in water depends on power to form hydrogen bonds with water. Which of the above compounds will form hydrogen bond with water easily and be more soluble in it?
Draw diagrams showing the formation of a double bond and a triple bond between carbon atoms in C2 H4 and C2 H2 molecules.
Is there any change in the hybridisation ofB and N atoms as a result of the following reaction ? BF3 + NH3 ——-> F3 B.NH3
Write Lewis structure of the following compounds and show formal charge on each atom. HN03, No2, H2so4
Match the species in Column I with the bond order in Column II.
| Column I | , . Column II |
| (i) NO | (a) 1.5 |
| (ii) CO | (b) 2.0 |
| (iii) o–2 | (c) 2.5 |
| (iv) 02 | (d) 3.0 |
Out of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals, which one has lower energy and which one has higher stability?
In which of the following molecule/ion all the bonds are not equal?
(a) XeF4
(b) BF–4
(c) C2H4
(d) SiF4
Diamagnetic species are those which contain no unpaired electrons. Which among the following are diamagnetic?
(a) N2
(b) N22-
(c) 02
(d) o22-
Explain why CO2-3 ion cannot be represented by a single Lewis structure. How can it be best represented?
Predict the shapes of the following molecules on the basis of hybridization. BC13, ch4, co2, nh3
Arrange the bonds in order of increasing ionic character in the molecules: LiF, K2O, N2, SO2 and ClF3.
Explain why BeH2 molecule has a zero dipole moment although the Be—H bonds are polar.
What do you understand by bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons? Illustrate by giving one example of each type.
(a) How many a and n bonds are present in
(b) Why Hf is more stable than H2?
(c) Why is B2 molecule paramagnetic?
Apart from tetrahedral geometry, another possible geometry for CH4 is square planar with the four H atoms at the comers of the square and the C atoms at its centre. Explain why CH4 is not square planar?
Which of the following statements are correct about CO32- ?
(a) The hybridization of central atom is sp3.
(b) Its resonance structure has one C – O single bond and two C = O double bonds.
(c) The average formal charge on each oxygen atom is 0.67 units.
(d) All C – O bond lengths are equal.
Write Lewis symbols for the following atoms and ions: S and S2– ; Al and Al3+; H and H–
Considering X-axis as the intemuclear axis which out of the following will not form a sigma bond and why? (a) Is and Is (b) Is and 2px (c) 2py and 2py (d) Is and 2s
Write the Lewis dot symbols of the following elements and predict their valencies. (i) Cl (ii) P
(a) Define dipole moment. What are the units of dipole moment?
(b) Dipole moment values help in predicting the shapes of covalent molecules. Explain.
Polarity in a molecule and hence the dipole moment depends primarily on electronegativity of the constituent atoms and shape of a molecule. Which of the following has the highest dipole moment?
(a) C02
(b) HI
(c) H20
(d) S02
In N0–3 ion, the number of bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons on nitrogen atom are
(a) 2, 2 (b) 3, 1 (c) 1,3 (d) 4, 0
Which molecule/ion out of the following does not contain unpaired electrons?
(a) N+2
(b) 02
(c) O22-
(d) B2
In which of the following substances will hydrogen bond be strongest?
(a) HCl
(b) H20
(c) HI
(d) H2S
Explain the non linear shape of H2S and non planar shape of PCl3 using valence shell electron pair repulsion theory.
