What did the spread of print culture in 19th century mean to the Reformers ?
(i) In 1517, the religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. A printed copy of this was posted on a church door in Wittenberg. It challenged the Church to debate his ideas. Luther's writings were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely. This lead to a division within the Church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
(ii) In India the print started intense controversies between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, Brah- manical priesthood and idolatry.
(iii) Jyotiba Phule, the Maratha pioneer of ‘low caste' protest movements, wrote about the injustices of the caste system in his Gulamgiri (1871).
(iv) In the twentieth century, B.R. Ambedkar in Maharashtra and E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker in Madras, wrote powerfully on caste and their writings were read by people all over India.
Explain the factors which were responsible for creating a virtual reading mania in Europe. [CBSE 2014]
Or
How did a new reading public emerged with the printing press ? Explain. [CBSE 2010 (D)]
Or
Explain any three reasons for an increase in reading mania in Europe in the 18th Century. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
The printing press is the most powerful engine of progress and public opinion is the force that will sweep despotism away". Who said these words ?
Why did some people fear the effect of the easily available printed books ? Choose one example from Europe and one from India. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Or
Explain the role played by print in bringing about a division in the Roman Catholic Church. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Or
Explain the role played by print in the spreading of Protestant Reformation. [CBSE 2012, 2013]
Not everyone welcomed the printed books, and those who did also had fears about it.' Explain by giving examples.
Why did people in the eighteenth century Europe think that print culture would bring enlightenment and end despotism? [CBSE 2011]
Write short notes to show that you know about:
(a) The Erasmus's idea of the printed book.
(b) The Vernacular Press Act. [CBSE Sept. 2011, 2012]
What did the spread of print culture in the nineteenth century India mean to :
Reformers
Name any four languages in which Indian manuscript was prepared before the age of print.
Name an Act which was passed by the British government to keep a regular track of the vernacular newspapers.
"Woodblock print came to Europe after 1295". Give any three reasons to explain the above statement. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Write short notes to show what you know about:
a) The Gutenberg Press
b) Erasmus's idea of the printed book
c) The Vernacular Press Act
c) The Vernacular Press Act
How did the oral culture enter print and how was the printed material transmitted orally ? Explain with suitable examples. [CBSE 2008 (F), Sept. 2012]
Or
How did the printers manage to attract the people, largely illiterate, towards, printed books ? [CBSE Sept. 2012]
Who was the major producer of printed material in China ? For what purpose this material was used ?
Name the printing presses which published numerous religious texts in vernaculars from the 1880s.
’Liberty of speech … liberty of the press … freedom of association. The government of India is now seeking to crush the three powerful vehicles of expressing and cultivating public opinion, the fight for swaraj, for Khilafat … means a fight for this threatened freedom before all else….’
Who said these words ?
What were the effects of the spread of print culture for poor people in nineteenth century India?
Print popularised the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers.' Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Or
How did ideas about science, reason and rationality find their way into popular literature in the 18th century Europe ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]