Give reasons for the following:
a) Woodblock print only came to Europe after 1295.
b) Martin Luther was in favour of print and spoke out in praise of it.
c) The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an Index of Prohibited books from the mid-sixteenth century.
d) Gandhi said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association.
a) In 1295, the Italian explorer Marco Polo returned from his exploration in China. In China wooden block printing was popular at that time. He brought this technique with him, when he retuned to Europe.
b) Martin Luther expressed his ideas through print. His publication, ‘Ninety Five Theses' challenged the orthodox practises of the Roman Catholic church. His publication was posted on a church door and this brought about many debates. This eventually led to the Reformation.
He translated the New Testament, and 5000 copies were sold in a short time. Hence Martin Luther was in favour of print and spoke out in praise of it
c) The Roman Catholic Church faced a lot of dissent from the mid 16th century. People started writing about God and His creations in different ways. The Church banned books which did not follow its ideals. So, the Church felt it necessary to keep a record of the banned books. This record was called the ‘Index of prohibited books'.
d) Liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association were 3 important factors that were necessary to cultivate public opinion according to Gandhi. He said that the fight for ‘swaraj' was the fight for Liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association.
Name the printing presses which published numerous religious texts in vernaculars from the 1880s.
How did China remain a major producer of printed materials for a long time ? [CBSE 2013]
Or
"The imperial state in China, was the major producer of printed material.” Support this statement with examples. [CBSE 2013. 2012. 2014]
Who said "Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one ? ] [CBSE 2010. 11, 12]
Name an Act which was passed by the British government to keep a regular track of the vernacular newspapers.
State any three points of importance of penny chapbooks. [CBSE Sept. 2010.2011]
Or
Describe some of the new printed books which were sold by the pedlars in villages in the eighteenth century Europe. [CBSE-2012, 2014]
What did the spread of print culture in the nineteenth century India mean to :
Reformers
Why did some people in the eighteenth century Europe think that print culture would bring enlightenment and end despotism ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Or
Assess the impact of print revolution on the European society. [CBSE 2013]
The printing press is the most powerful engine of progress and public opinion and a force that will sweep despotism away.'
Explain the steps which were taken by the British government or the colonial government to control the freedom of press.
How were ideas and information written before the age of print in India ? How did the printing technique begin in India ? Explain. [CBSE 2008, Sept. 2010]
Or
Explain the role of missionaries in the growth of press in India. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Who was the major producer of printed material in China ? For what purpose this material was used ?
Explain how the print culture assisted the growth of nationalism in India. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
What restrictions were imposed by the Vernacular Press Act on the Indian Press ? Explain. [CBSE-2011]
Or
In what ways the Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was a repressive step by the Government ? Explain. [CBSE-2011]
Why did some people in eighteenth century Europe think that print culture would bring enlightenment and end despotism?
The shift from handprinting to mechanical printing led to the print revolution.’ Explain.
Not everyone welcomed the printed books, and those who did also had fears about it.' Explain by giving examples.
Why did people in the eighteenth century Europe think that print culture would bring enlightenment and end despotism? [CBSE 2011]