Explain the process of nutrition in Amoeba.
The mode of nutrition in amoeba is Holozoic, and the process of obtaining food by amoeba is called phagocytosis. The different processes involved in the nutrition of amoeba are:
(i) Ingestion: Ingestion is the process of taking food in the body. Amoeba is a unicellular animal, so it doesn't have a mouth for ingestion of food. Amoeba ingests the food by encircling it by forming pseudopodia. When the food is completely encircled, the food is engulfed in the form of a bag called food vacuole.
(ii)Digestion: Digestion is the process of breaking the large and insoluble molecules in small and water soluble molecules. In amoeba, several digestive enzymes react on the food present in the food vacuoles and break it down into simple and soluble molecules.
(iii) Absorption: The food digested by digestive enzymes is then absorbed in the cytoplasm by the process of diffusion. While the undigested food remains in the food vacuole. If a large amount of food is absorbed by amoeba, the excess food is stored in the cytoplasm in the form of glycogen and lipids.
(iv) Assimilation: During this step the food absorbed by the cytoplasm is used to obtain energy, growth and repair. This process of utilizing absorbed food for obtaining energy, repair and growth is called assimilation.
(v) Egestion: When sufficient amount of undigested food gets collected in the food vacuole, it is thrown out of the body by rupturing cell membrane. The process of removal of undigested food from the body is called egestion.
What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms ? Give one example of each.
State the role of the following in human digestive system :
(i) Digestive enzymes (ii) Hydrochloric acid (iii) Villi
Define (i) saprophytic nutrition (ii) parasitic nutrition, and (iii) holozoic nutrition. Give one example of each type.
(a) What is common for Cuscuta, ticks and leeches ?
(b) Name the substances on which the following enzymes act in the human digestive system :
(i) Trypsin (ii) Amylase (iii) Pepsin (iv) Lipase
(c) Why does absorption of digested food occur mainly in the small intestine ?
What is the name of the opening in the human body through which undigested food is thrown out ?
a) Leaves of a healthy potted plant were coated with vaseline to block the stomata. Will this plant remain healthy for long? State three reasons for your answer.
(b) State any two differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition.
Apart from carbon dioxide and water, name four other raw materials which are needed by the plants.
(a) How does carbon dioxide from the air enter the leaves of a plant to be used in photosynthesis ?
(b) How does water from the soil reach the leaves of a plant to be used in photosynthesis ?
Name the substance whose build up in the muscles during vigorous physical exercise may cause cramps.
State the three common features of all the respiratory organs like skin, gills and lungs.
(a) Explain how, the air we breathe in gets cleaned while passing through the nasal passage.
(b) Why do the walls of trachea not collapse when there is less air in it ?
(c) How are oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in our body during respiration ?
(d) How are lungs designed in human beings to maximise the exchange of gases ?
Draw a neat diagram of excretory system of human beings and label on it:
(i) Left kidney (ii) Urinary bladder
Name the intermediate and the end products of glucose breakdown in aerobic respiration.
In the experiment "Light is essential for photosynthesis", why does the uncovered part of the leaf turn blue-black after putting iodine solution?
Which of the following type of energy is used by living organisms to perform vital life processes ?
Kinetic energy, Chemical energy, Potential energy, Nuclear energy
What is the scientific name of the animals which are :
(i) only meat eaters ?
(ii) only plant eaters ?
(iii) both, plant and meat eaters ?
(a) Photosynthesis converts energy X into energy Y. What are X and Y ?
(b) State the various steps involved in the process of photosynthesis.
(a) How do guard cells regulate opening and closing of stomatal pores ?
(b) Two similar green plants are kept separately in oxygen free containers, one in dark and the other in continuous light. Which one will live longer ? Give reasons.
Name the final product/products obtained in the anaerobic respiration, if it takes place :
(a) in a plant (like yeast).
(b) in an animal tissue (like muscles).
Describe the process of respiration in State whether it is anaerobic respiration or aerobic respiration.
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration.
(a) Draw a diagram to show open stomatal pore and label on it:
(i) guard cells
(ii) chloroplast
(b) State two functions of stomata.
(c) How do guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomatal pore?
(a) Draw a sectional view of the human heart and label on it – Aorta, Right ventricle and Pulmonary veins.
(b) State the functions of the following components of transport system:
(i) Blood (ii) Lymph
A Give one reason why multicellular organisms require special organs for exchange of gases between their body and their environment. :
Arrange the following processes involved in the nutrition in animals in the correct order (in which they take place):
Assimilation, Egestion, Ingestion, Absorption, Digestion
Name the enzyme present in human saliva. What type of food material is digested by this enzyme ?