Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
ART (Assisted Reproductive Technologies) is a term that describes several different methods used to help infertile couples. ART involves removing eggs from a woman's body, mixing them with sperm in the laboratory and putting the embryos bath into a woman's body.
Success rates vary depending on many factors.Something that affects the success rate of ART includes age of the partners, reason for infertility,type of ART, if the egg is fresh or frozen. Various methods are now available to help such couples are — in vitro fertilization, gamete intra fallopian transfer, intracytoplasmic sperm injection & artificial insemination.
(i)In vitro fertilization – Patient's egg & her partner's sperm are collected & mixed together in a laboratory to achieve fertilization outside the body. The embryo produced may then be transferred into the female patient. It is commonly knownas test tube baby programme.
(ii)Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT) – A procedure in which eggs are retrieved from a woman, mixed with sperm & immediately replaced in one or other of the women's fallopian tubes so that they fertilize inside the body (invivo).
(iii)Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)– In this method, sperm & eggs are retrieved from both the parents. A single sperm is injected directly into an egg, then the fertilized egg is implanted into the woman's uterus.
(iv)Artificial insemination – In this technique, the semen is collected either from husband or a healthy donor & is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus of the female (IUI-Intra uterine insemination).
What are the Assisted Reproductive Techniques practised to help infertile couples? Describe any three techniques.
Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.
Correct the following statements:
(a)Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
(b)Ail sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
(c)Oral pills are very popular contraceptives , among the rural women.
(d)In E.T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
STDs are a threat to reproductive health. Describe any two such diseases and suggest preventive measures.
The procedure of GIFT involves the transfer of female gamete to the fallopian tube. Can gametes be transferred to the uterus to achieve the same result? Explain.
Enumerate and describe any five reasons for introducing sex education to school-going children.
Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
Strict conditions are to be followed in medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) procedures. Mention two reasons.
What is the significance of progesterone-estrogen combination as a contraceptive measure?
Suggest the reproduction-related aspects in which counselling should be provided at the school level.
Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned?in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment
All reproductive tract infections RTJs are STDs, but all STDs are not RTIs. Justify with example.
Comment on the Reproductive and Child Health Care programme of the government to improve the reproductive health of the people.
Suggest some important steps that you would recommend to be taken to improve the reproductive health standards in India.
Strict conditions are to be followed in medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) procedures. Mention two reasons.
Briefly explain IVF and ET. What are the conditions in which these methods are advised?
State True/False with explanation
(a)Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)
(b)Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)
(c)Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (True/False)
(d)Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people. (True/False)