Explain the methods used by producers to expand their markets in the 19th century. [CBSE Sept. 2012]
Or
How did the British manufacturers attempt to take over the Indian market with the help of advertisements ? Explain with three examples. [CBSE 200S (D). 2014]
Or
“Consumers are created through advertisement.” Support the statement with three suitable examples. [CBSE Sept. 2012]
(i) Advertisement : Advertisements through newspapers, magazines, hoarding; were the most important method used by the producers to expand the market. It played a major role in expanding the markets, and shaping a new consumer culture. Advertisements make products appear desirable and necessary.
(ii) Labelling : Labelling was another method used by the producers to expand their market. When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they cut labels on the cloth bundles.
When buyers saw ‘MADE IN MANCHESTER’ written in bold on the labels, they were expected to feel confident about buying the cloth.
But labels did not only carry words and texts. They also carried images, and were very often beautifully illustrated.
(iii) Calendars : By the nineteenth century, manufacturers were printing calendars to popularise their products. Unlike newspapers • and magazines, calendars were used even by people, who could not read. They were hung in tea shops and in poor people's homes just as much as in offices and middle- class apartments. Those, who hung the calendars had to see the advertisements, day after day, through the year. Even in these calendars, images of gods and goddesses were used to attract the consumers.
(iv) Images of important personages : Along with the images of gods, figures of important personages, of emperors and nawabs were also used. The message very often seemed to say ; if you respect the royal figure, then respect this product; when the product was being used by kings, or produced under royal command, its quality could not be questioned.
(v) Advertisement by Indian producers :
Indian manufacturers were also using the same tactics. When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud. If you care for the nation, then buy products that Indians produce. Finally, advertisements became a vehicle of the nationalist message of Swadeshi.
Name the European Managing agencies which controlled the large sector of Indian industries.
Why did some Industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?
The proto-industrialisation helped in building a close relationship between the town and the countryside”. Explain.
How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from the Indian weavers ?
Why did the peasants agree to accept advances made by the merchants to produce goods for them in Europe during the 17th and the 18th centuries* ? Explain three reasons. [CBSE Comp. (D) 2008]
Or
How were new merchant groups in Europe able to spread their business in the countryside before the Industrial Revolution ? Explain.
Or
Briefly explain the method and system of production in the countryside in England.
[CBSE 2013]
When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels with pictures on the cloth bundles. Why did they do so ? Explain.
Why did the network of export trade in textiles controlled by the Indian merchants break down by the 1750s ? Mention any two effects of such a breakdown ? [CBSE 2013]
Which pre-colonial port connected India to the Gulf countries and the Red Sea ports ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Why women workers attacked the spinning Jenny a machine which was introduced in Britain ?
When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud."What was the message ?
Why did the industrial production in India increase during the First World War ? [CBSE Sept. 2011]
What technological change helped in improving production of India industry during the 20th century ?
What was importance of advertisements in expanding the market during the colonial period ?
How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from Indian weavers?
Write a short note on the development of factories in India.
Or
Explain the growth of factories in India.
By the first decade of the 20th century, a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialisation in India. Explain. [CBSE 2008. Sept. 2013]
Explain the role of Indian merchants and bankers in the network of export trade.
Or
What role did the Indian merchants play in the growth of textile industries before 1750 ? Explain any three points. [CBSE 2011]
Why was it difficult for the new European merchants to set up business in town in the 17th and 18th centuries ?
Explain the following :
(a) Woman workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
(b) In the seventeenth century, merchants from towns In Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages.
(c) The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century.
(d) The East India Company appointed Gomasthas to supervise the weavers in India. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
The port of Surat and Hoogly declined by the end of the ISth century.’ Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2012]
“Under the colonial era the Indian merchants were discriminated and space within which Indian merchants could function became increasingly limited’. Justify.
“Certain group of weavers were in a better position than others to survive the competition with mill industries-. Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Why did the upper class people prefer to use hand products in the Victorian period ? Explain with examples.
Why in Victorian Britain, the upper classes preferred things produced by hand ? Give three reasons. (CBSE Sept. 2010)