Why did some Industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?
Some Industrialists in the 19th century Europe preferred to use hand labour as machines were costly, ineffective, hard to repair and needed capital investment. More over labour was available at low wages.
The British aristocrats preferred a wide variety of designs and intricate work in their textiles. They also preferred specific colours and sizes. All this was possible only if the cloth was hand made. So some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines.
Why did the upper class people prefer to use hand products in the Victorian period ? Explain with examples.
Why in Victorian Britain, the upper classes preferred things produced by hand ? Give three reasons. (CBSE Sept. 2010)
Give reasons why the handloom weavers in India survived the onslaught of the machine made textiles of Manchester ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
How did small scale industries survive in India despite of Industrialisation ? [CBSE 2013]
Which pre-colonial port connected India to the Gulf countries and the Red Sea ports ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Name the provinces where most of the large-scale industries were located during the colonial period.
What is the importance of advertisement? How advertisement was used by the Britishers to expand the market for their products?
When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels with pictures on the cloth bundles. Why did they do so ? Explain.
What technological change helped in improving production of India industry during the 20th century ?
What is meant by proto-industrialisation ? How did it affect the rural peasants and artisans ? [CBSE 2012]
Or
How did the poor peasants and artisans benefit during the proto-industrialisation phase? [CBSE 2011]
“By the 1860s Indian weavers failed to get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality”. Give reason.
Who was a jobber ? Explain his functions. [CBSE 200S. Sept. 2010. 2011. 2012} Or
Why was a jobber employed ? How did jobber misuse his position and power ? Explain. (CBSE 2013]
When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud."What was the message ?
How were machines and technology . glorified in England in the early 20th century through pictures on the cover pages of some books ? [CBSE 2013]
"In Victorian Britain, the upper classes – the aristocrats and the bourgeoisie – preferred things produced by hand". Give reason.
”Before establishing political power in Bengal and Carnatic in the 1760 and 1770s, the East India Company had found it difficult to ensure a regular supply of goods for export. Give reasons.
Name the European Managing agencies which controlled the large sector of Indian industries.
What was importance of advertisements in expanding the market during the colonial period ?
Write True or False against each statement:
(a) At the end of the 19th century, 80 per cent of the total workforce in Europe was employed in the technologically advanced industrial sector.
(b) The international market for textiles was dominated by India till the eighteenth century.
(c) The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India.
(d) The introduction of the fly shuttle enabled the handloom workers to improve their productivity.
Write a short note on the development of factories in India.
Or
Explain the growth of factories in India.
Why was East India Company keen on expanding textile exports from India during the 1760 ? Explain any three reasons. [CBSE 2013]
Why could Britain not recapture her hold on the Indian market after the Rrst World War ? Explain. [CBSE 2009 (F)]
Or
Explain the impact of the First World War on Britain’s economy ? [CBSE Sept. 2010.2011]
Why did the network of export trade in textiles controlled by the Indian merchants break down by the 1750s ? Mention any two effects of such a breakdown ? [CBSE 2013]
“Under the colonial era the Indian merchants were discriminated and space within which Indian merchants could function became increasingly limited’. Justify.
Assess the impact of the American Civil War on the plight of Weavers in India during second half at the 18th century. [CBSE 2014]
The proto-industrialisation helped in building a close relationship between the town and the countryside”. Explain.