How did the abundance of labour in the market affect the lives of the workers in Britain during the nineteenth century? Explain with examples. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008]
(i) Many job-seekers had to wait for weeks, spending nights under bridges or in night shelters. Some stayed in night refuges that were set up by private individuals; others went to the Casual Wards maintained by the Poor Law authorities.
(ii) Seasonality of work in many industries meant prolonged periods without work. After the busy season was over, the poor were on the streets again. Some returned to the countryside after the winter, when the demand for labour in the rural areas opened up in places. But most looked for odd jobs, which till the mid-nineteenth century were difficult to find.
(iii) Wages increased somewhat in the early nineteenth century. But they tell us little about the welfare of the workers. The average figures hide the variations between trades and the fluctuations from year to year. For instance, when prices rose sharply during the prolonged Napoleonic War, the real value of what the workers earned fell significantly, since the same wages could now buy fewer things.
Give reasons why the handloom weavers in India survived the onslaught of the machine made textiles of Manchester ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
How did small scale industries survive in India despite of Industrialisation ? [CBSE 2013]
Write a short note on the development of factories in India.
Or
Explain the growth of factories in India.
Why did the upper class people prefer to use hand products in the Victorian period ? Explain with examples.
Why in Victorian Britain, the upper classes preferred things produced by hand ? Give three reasons. (CBSE Sept. 2010)
What technological change helped in improving production of India industry during the 20th century ?
Explain the impact of industrialisation on
(a) Women
(b) Children
(c) Do you think child labour is still a major problem? Suggest any two ways to check child labour.
“By the 1860s Indian weavers failed to get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality”. Give reason.
"In Victorian Britain, the upper classes – the aristocrats and the bourgeoisie – preferred things produced by hand". Give reason.
What was importance of advertisements in expanding the market during the colonial period ?
Name the European Managing agencies which controlled the large sector of Indian industries.
What is the importance of advertisement? How advertisement was used by the Britishers to expand the market for their products?
Name the provinces where most of the large-scale industries were located. How can you say that small-scale production continued to predominate even in the late 20th century ?
Mention any three social causes of the clashes between Gomasthas and Villagers. [CBSE 2014]
In the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries, the merchants from the towns in Europe began moving to the countryside.' Give reasons.
Or
Explain any three major problems faced by the new European merchants in setting up their industries in towns before the Industrial Revolution. [CBSE 2008 (D) Sept. 2012]
Or
What is meant by proto-industrialisation ? Why was it successful in the countryside in England in the 17th century ? [CBSE Sept. 2008. 2011. 2012]
Or
Throw light on production during the proto-industrialisation phase in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries with an example. [CBSF. Sept. 2010]
By the first decade of the 20th century, a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialisation in India. Explain. [CBSE 2008. Sept. 2013]
Why women workers attacked the spinning Jenny a machine which was introduced in Britain ?
“Under the colonial era the Indian merchants were discriminated and space within which Indian merchants could function became increasingly limited’. Justify.
When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud."What was the message ?
Name the goods from India Which dominated the international market before the age of machine industries.
”Before establishing political power in Bengal and Carnatic in the 1760 and 1770s, the East India Company had found it difficult to ensure a regular supply of goods for export. Give reasons.
‘By I860. Indian weavers could not get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality.' Give reason.
Name the provinces where most of the large-scale industries were located during the colonial period.
What is meant by proto-industrialisation ? How did it affect the rural peasants and artisans ? [CBSE 2012]
Or
How did the poor peasants and artisans benefit during the proto-industrialisation phase? [CBSE 2011]
Explain the following :
(a) Woman workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
(b) In the seventeenth century, merchants from towns In Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages.
(c) The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century.
(d) The East India Company appointed Gomasthas to supervise the weavers in India. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Why was East India Company keen on expanding textile exports from India during the 1760 ? Explain any three reasons. [CBSE 2013]
Name any two European Managing Agencies which controlled a large sector of the Indian industries. Describe any three functions performed by such agencies. (CBSE 2013)
“Certain group of weavers were in a better position than others to survive the competition with mill industries-. Explain. [CBSE 2014]