History

Print Culture and the Modern World

Question:

Who was Johann Gutenberg ? Explain his role in the history of printing. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
Who invented the printing press ? How did he develop the print technology ? [CBSE 2009 (F)]

Answer:

Johann Gutenberg was a German goldsmith and inventor, credited with the inventing of the movable type printing in Europe.Gutenberg was the son of a merchant, and his childhood was spent on a large agricultural estate. From his childhood, he had seen wine and olive presses. By and by, he learnt the art of polishing stones, became a master goldsmith, and also acquired the expertise to create lead moulds used for making trinkets. (Trinket-A small item of jewellery that is cheap or of low quality). Using this knowledge, Gutenberg adapted the existing technology to design his innovation. The olive press became the base model for the printing press and moulds were used for casting the metal types for the letters of the alphabet. By 1448, Gutenberg perfected the system. In 1455, Gutenberg published his 42-lines Bible, commonly known as the Gutenberg Bible. About 180 copies were printed most on paper and some on vellum.

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Print Culture and the Modern World

Q 1.

Give a brief description of the first form of print technology.

Q 2.

Why did people in the eighteenth century Europe think that print culture would bring enlightenment and end despotism?  [CBSE 2011]

Q 3.

Who said "Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one ? ] [CBSE 2010. 11, 12]

Q 4.

Why did some people in the eighteenth century Europe think that print culture would bring enlightenment and end despotism ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Or
Assess the impact of print revolution on the European society. [CBSE 2013]

Q 5.

How did the ideas of scientists and philosophers become more accessible to common people after the beginning of print revolution in Europe ? [CBSE Sept. 2010. 2012]

Q 6.

Explain the factors which were responsible for creating a virtual reading mania in Europe. [CBSE 2014]
Or
How did a new reading public emerged with the printing press ? Explain. [CBSE 2010 (D)]
Or
Explain any three reasons for an increase in reading mania in Europe in the 18th Century. [CBSE Sept. 2011]

Q 7.

What is calligraphy ?

Q 8.

Which is the oldest book to be printed in Japan ?

Q 9.

Name the first book published by Johann Guttenbcrg.

Q 10.

Name any two women novelist of the 19th century.

Q 11.

Who invented power driven cylindrical press ? What were its advantages ?

Q 12.

Why did some people fear the effect of easily available printed books? Choose one example from Europe and one from India.

Q 13.

How did China remain a major producer of printed materials for a long time ? [CBSE 2013]
Or
"The imperial state in China, was the major producer of printed material.” Support this statement with examples.  [CBSE 2013. 2012. 2014]

Q 14.

How was sale of books promoted in small towns?

Q 15.

What was Protestant Reformation ?

Q 16.

Name two scholars whose writings inspired French people.

Q 17.

Name any four languages in which Indian manuscript was prepared before the age of print.

Q 18.

Name the first Weekly that appeared in India. Who bought it out ? (CBSE 2014)

Q 19.

Name the printing presses which published numerous religious texts in vernaculars from the 1880s.

Q 20.

What was Vernacular Press Act ? (CBSE 2014)

Q 21.

Name the paper with which Bal Gangadhar Tilak was associated.

Q 22.

’Liberty of speech … liberty of the press … freedom of association. The government of India is now seeking to crush the three powerful vehicles of expressing and cultivating public opinion, the fight for swaraj, for Khilafat … means a fight for this threatened freedom before all else….’
Who said these words ?

Q 23.

What was an accordion book"? Describe any two features of hand printing in China ?

Q 24.

What did the spread of print culture in nineteenth century India mean to:
a) Women
b) The poor
c) Reformers.

Q 25.

Explain how print culture assisted the growth of nationalism in India.

Q 26.

When was print technology introduced in Japan?

Q 27.

How did the print revolution influence the reading habit of the people of Europe?

Q 28.

Mass literacy increased many fold in the nineteenth century, in Europe. Women children and workers started reading books. Discuss.

Q 29.

Trace the history of print in China.
Or
How did China remain a major producer of printed materials for a long time ?
Or
The imperial state in China, was the major producer of printed material.' Support this statement. [CBSE 2014]

Q 30.

How did the oral culture enter print and how was the printed material transmitted orally ? Explain with suitable examples.  [CBSE 2008 (F), Sept. 2012]
Or
How did the printers manage to attract the people, largely illiterate, towards, printed books ? [CBSE Sept. 2012]

Q 31.

Not everyone welcomed the printed books, and those who did also had fears about it.' Explain by giving examples.

Q 32.

Name the countries where the earliest kind of print technology was developed.

Q 33.

Who was the major producer of printed material in China ? For what purpose this material was used ?

Q 34.

Which material was used to print pictures in Japan?

Q 35.

Who developed the first printing press ?

Q 36.

What was print revolution ?

Q 37.

What was the role of cartoons and caricatures in the French Revolution ?

Q 38.

The printing press is the most powerful engine of progress and public opinion is the force that will sweep despotism away". Who said these words ?

Q 39.

Name the first weekly that appeared in India. Who brought it out ? (CBSE 2014)

Q 40.

Why did Governor General Warren Hastings persecute Hickey ?

Q 41.

Who was the author of Amar Jiban ?

Q 42.

Who wrote Gulamgiri ? (CBSE 2014)

Q 43.

Name an Act which was passed by the British government to keep a regular track of the vernacular newspapers.

Q 44.

Give reasons for the following :
(a) Martin Luther was in favour of print, and spoke out in praise of it.
(b) The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an Index of Prohibited books from the mid-sixteenth century.
(c) Gandhi said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for the liberty of speech, liberty of the press and freedom of association.

Q 45.

Mention any four social values which print culture promoted.

Q 46.

Analyse the impact of print revolution on religion. [CJBS £ 2012]

Q 47.

The printing press is the most powerful engine of progress and public opinion and a force that will sweep despotism away.'

Q 48.

What were the effects of the spread of print culture for poor people in nineteenth century India?

Q 49.

How were earlier books printed (before 15th century) ? Explain.

Q 50.

Describe the progress of print in Japan. [CBSE Sept. 2010. 2011. 2013]