Biology

Environment

Question:

Name the wastes which are generated in your house daily. What measures would you take for their disposal?

Answer:

The wastes generated daily are kitchen wastes, paper wastes like newspapers, bags, envelopes, plastic bags, vegetable and fruit peels, dust and empty cartons, etc. Measures for disposal are:

  1.  Separation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable recyclable and non-recyclable wastes.
  2. Safe disposal of plastic bags.
  3. Preparation of compost from kitchen wastes for home garden or given to waste collector for disposal.
  4. Paper waste can be given for recycling.
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Environment

Q 1.

Give a method for the disposal of household wastes such as left-over food, fruit and vegetable peels, and leaves of potted plants.

Q 2.

What are the advantages of cloth bags over plastic bags during shopping?

Q 3.

(a) Define decomposers. Name one decomposer.
(b) What is the role of decomposers in the ecosystem ?

Q 4.

Write the harmful effects of ozone depletion.

Q 5.

How does a biodegradable waste differ from a non-biodegradable waste ? Give two examples of non- biodegradable wastes which pollute our environment.

Q 6.

What is sewage ? How is sewage disposed of ?

Q 7.

Name the phenomenon in which non-biodegradable chemicals get accumulated progressively at each trophic level of a food chain.

Q 8.

What name has been given to those organisms which break down the complex organic compounds present in dead animals and plants ?

Q 9.

Explain some harmful effects of agricultural practices on the environ-ment.

Q 10.

What is the functional unit of the environment comprising of the living and non-living components called ?

Q 11.

A student went to study a local pond. In one part of the pond she noticed tadpoles scraping at some pond weed. In another part she saw a water beetle holding a tadpole in its jaws.A student went to study a local pond. In one part of the pond she noticed tadpoles scraping at some pond weed. In another part she saw a water beetle holding a tadpole in its jaws.
(a) Construct a food chain for the pond.
(b) How many links are there in this chain ?

Q 12.

What is garbage ? What does garbage consist of ?

Q 13.

Why are green plants called ‘producers’? [All India]

Q 14.

What are the various steps in a food chain called? [Delhi]

Q 15.

In a food chain, 10,000 joules of energy is available to the producer. How much energy will be available to the secondary consumer to transfer it to the tertiary consumer? [All India ]

Q 16.

What is a food web?

Q 17.

Which of the following belong to the same trophic level ?
Tree ; Frog ; Snake ; Grass ; Lizard

Q 18.

Name two waste materials which can be recycled.

Q 19.

‘If we excessively use pesticides to protect the crops from diseases, then it may cause long-term damage to mankind’. Justify this statement.

Q 20.

Write the common food chain of a pond ecosystem.

Q 21.

Give an example to illustrate that indiscriminate use of pesticides may result-in the degradation of the environment. [All India]

Q 22.

Why are some substances non- biodegradable? [Foreign]

Q 23.

Explain the terms ‘producer’ and ‘consumer’. Give two examples of producers and two of consumers.

Q 24.

Which of the following are biodegradable and which non-biodegradable ?
Glass bottle, Paper, Ball point pen refill, Hay, DDT, Wheat, Cake, Wood,
Polythene bag, Jute bag, Cotton cloth, Grass, Vegetable peels

Q 25.

(a) Describe an activity to show that while paper is biodegradable but plastic (say, polythene) is non-
biodegradable.
(b) Explain why, some materials are biodegradable but some are non-biodegradable.

Q 26.

We do not clean ponds or lakes but an aquarium needs to be cleaned periodically. Why ?

Q 27.

If a harmful chemical enters a food chain comprising cat, mice and plants, which one of these organisms is likely to have the maximum concentration of the harmful chemical in its body ?

Q 28.

Where does all the energy in living organisms originate from ?

Q 29.

Write the full form of CFC. Give its one harmful effect.

Q 30.

Explain how, harmful ultraviolet radiations of sunlight are prevented from reaching the earth’s surface.

Q 31.

Name the various modes of waste disposal.

Q 32.

What is meant by incineration ? For what purpose is it used ?

Q 33.

Indicate the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Why is it unidirectional ? Justify.

Q 34.

Which disease is caused in human beings due to depletion of ozone layer in the atmosphere? [Foreign]

Q 35.

State two problems caused by the non- biodegradable waste that we generate in our daily life. [All India (C)]

Q 36.

What is the important function of presence of ozone in earth’s atmosphere? [Delhi]

Q 37.

Which class of chemicals is linked to the decrease in the amount of ozone in the upper atmosphere of the earth? [Delhi]

Q 38.

Define environment?

Q 39.

Why are plants called producers ?

Q 40.

Name the organisms belonging to the second and the fourth trophic levels in the food chain comprising the following :
Frogs, Plants, Snakes, Hawk, Insects

Q 41.

Which organisms belong to third and fourth trophic levels in the food chain comprising the following ?
Rats, Plants, Hawk, Snakes

Q 42.

Can the organisms of any trophic level be removed without causing any damage to the ecosystem ? Will the impact of removing all the organisms in a trophic level be different for different trophic levels ?

Q 43.

Write one or two words for each of the following statements/definitions :Write one or two words for each of the following statements/definitions :
(a) Each level of food chain where transfer of energy takes place
(b) The physical factors like temperature, rainfall, light, soil, air and water of an ecosystem
(c) Organisms which depend on the producers for food either directly or indirectly
(d) The physical and biological world where we live in
(e) Selfcontained unit of living things and their non-living environment needing only sunlight for its functioning

Q 44.

Name the group of chemical compounds which damages the ozone layer.

Q 45.

Why are there rarely more than five links (or five organisms) in a food chain ?

Q 46.

How are most of the solid wastes in urban areas disposed of ?

Q 47.

What would happen if the ozone layer in the atmosphere completely disappears ?

Q 48.

Why is improper disposal of waste a curse to environment?

Q 49.

How is the increase in demand for energy affecting our environment adversely?

Q 50.

What are the two main components of our environment? [Delhi]