Biology

Environment

Question:

Write one or two words for each of the following statements/definitions :Write one or two words for each of the following statements/definitions :
(a) Each level of food chain where transfer of energy takes place
(b) The physical factors like temperature, rainfall, light, soil, air and water of an ecosystem
(c) Organisms which depend on the producers for food either directly or indirectly
(d) The physical and biological world where we live in
(e) Selfcontained unit of living things and their non-living environment needing only sunlight for its functioning

Answer:

(a) Trophic Level
(b) Abiotic components
(c) Consumers
(d) Environment
(e) Ecosystem

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Environment

Q 1.

Give a method for the disposal of household wastes such as left-over food, fruit and vegetable peels, and leaves of potted plants.

Q 2.

(a) Define decomposers. Name one decomposer.
(b) What is the role of decomposers in the ecosystem ?

Q 3.

What are the advantages of cloth bags over plastic bags during shopping?

Q 4.

What is sewage ? How is sewage disposed of ?

Q 5.

Write the harmful effects of ozone depletion.

Q 6.

What name has been given to those organisms which break down the complex organic compounds present in dead animals and plants ?

Q 7.

How does a biodegradable waste differ from a non-biodegradable waste ? Give two examples of non- biodegradable wastes which pollute our environment.

Q 8.

Explain some harmful effects of agricultural practices on the environ-ment.

Q 9.

Name the phenomenon in which non-biodegradable chemicals get accumulated progressively at each trophic level of a food chain.

Q 10.

What is the functional unit of the environment comprising of the living and non-living components called ?

Q 11.

What is garbage ? What does garbage consist of ?

Q 12.

A student went to study a local pond. In one part of the pond she noticed tadpoles scraping at some pond weed. In another part she saw a water beetle holding a tadpole in its jaws.A student went to study a local pond. In one part of the pond she noticed tadpoles scraping at some pond weed. In another part she saw a water beetle holding a tadpole in its jaws.
(a) Construct a food chain for the pond.
(b) How many links are there in this chain ?

Q 13.

Name two waste materials which can be recycled.

Q 14.

What are the various steps in a food chain called? [Delhi]

Q 15.

Give an example to illustrate that indiscriminate use of pesticides may result-in the degradation of the environment. [All India]

Q 16.

Why are some substances non- biodegradable? [Foreign]

Q 17.

In a food chain, 10,000 joules of energy is available to the producer. How much energy will be available to the secondary consumer to transfer it to the tertiary consumer? [All India ]

Q 18.

What is a food web?

Q 19.

Which of the following belong to the same trophic level ?
Tree ; Frog ; Snake ; Grass ; Lizard

Q 20.

(a) Describe an activity to show that while paper is biodegradable but plastic (say, polythene) is non-
biodegradable.
(b) Explain why, some materials are biodegradable but some are non-biodegradable.

Q 21.

Write the full form of CFC. Give its one harmful effect.

Q 22.

Explain how, harmful ultraviolet radiations of sunlight are prevented from reaching the earth’s surface.

Q 23.

‘If we excessively use pesticides to protect the crops from diseases, then it may cause long-term damage to mankind’. Justify this statement.

Q 24.

Name the various modes of waste disposal.

Q 25.

What is meant by incineration ? For what purpose is it used ?

Q 26.

Write the common food chain of a pond ecosystem.

Q 27.

Indicate the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Why is it unidirectional ? Justify.

Q 28.

Why are green plants called ‘producers’? [All India]

Q 29.

Which disease is caused in human beings due to depletion of ozone layer in the atmosphere? [Foreign]

Q 30.

State two problems caused by the non- biodegradable waste that we generate in our daily life. [All India (C)]

Q 31.

What is the important function of presence of ozone in earth’s atmosphere? [Delhi]

Q 32.

Which class of chemicals is linked to the decrease in the amount of ozone in the upper atmosphere of the earth? [Delhi]

Q 33.

Define environment?

Q 34.

Name the organisms belonging to the second and the fourth trophic levels in the food chain comprising the following :
Frogs, Plants, Snakes, Hawk, Insects

Q 35.

Explain the terms ‘producer’ and ‘consumer’. Give two examples of producers and two of consumers.

Q 36.

Which of the following are biodegradable and which non-biodegradable ?
Glass bottle, Paper, Ball point pen refill, Hay, DDT, Wheat, Cake, Wood,
Polythene bag, Jute bag, Cotton cloth, Grass, Vegetable peels

Q 37.

We do not clean ponds or lakes but an aquarium needs to be cleaned periodically. Why ?

Q 38.

If a harmful chemical enters a food chain comprising cat, mice and plants, which one of these organisms is likely to have the maximum concentration of the harmful chemical in its body ?

Q 39.

Name the group of chemical compounds which damages the ozone layer.

Q 40.

Where does all the energy in living organisms originate from ?

Q 41.

Why are there rarely more than five links (or five organisms) in a food chain ?

Q 42.

How are most of the solid wastes in urban areas disposed of ?

Q 43.

What would happen if the ozone layer in the atmosphere completely disappears ?

Q 44.

Describe how decomposers facilitate recycling of matter in order to maintain balance in the ecosystem. [Foreign]

Q 45.

Why did United Nations act to control the production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in refrigerators? [Delhi]

Q 46.

Define ‘trophic level’. [Delhi]

Q 47.

Name two decomposers operating in our ecosystem. [All India 2011; Delhi]

Q 48.

Which of the following belong to the first trophic level of a food chain? Grass, Grasshopper, Plants, Rat, Tiger [Foreign]

Q 49.

What are the after effects of ozone depletion?

Q 50.

Which one of the following is not a terrestial ecosystem ?
Forest, Grassland, Aquarium, Desert